A mandatory provision that nullifies the effect of a violation. In contrast, if a violation of a mandatory provision does not invalidate the violation itself, but only subjects the violator to criminal or administrative penalties, the mandatory provision is called a control provision. For example, it is stipulated that securities transactions can only be conducted by a stock company licensed by the Minister of Finance. If an unqualified person violates this mandatory provision by borrowing the name of a qualified securities company (name lending), and the transaction is invalid, the mandatory provision is called an effective provision, and if the person who violates this is only subject to sanctions, the mandatory provision is called a control provision. Effective provisions and control provisions may overlap. When there is no clear provision on whether a provision is a simple control provision or an effective provision, or whether it includes both, there is no choice but to determine it by taking into account the legislative intent of the mandatory provision. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
強行規定のうち違反行為の効力を失わせるものをいう。これに対し,当該強行規定に違反しても,その違反行為そのものは無効とならず,ただ違反者が刑罰,行政罰などの制裁を受けるにとどまるときは,その強行法規を取締規定という。たとえば,証券取引は,大蔵大臣の免許を受けた株式会社でなければ行うことができない旨定められているが,この強行規定に違反して資格のない者が資格のある証券会社の名義を借りるなどして取引行為を行なった場合 (名板貸) ,その取引行為が無効とされるときは,その強行規定は効力規定と呼ばれ,これに反して取引行為をした者が制裁を受けるにとどまるときは,その強行規定は取締規定といわれる。効力規定と取締規定は重複して認められることもある。ある規定が単なる取締規定であるか,それとも効力規定であるか,またその双方を含むかについて明文の定めがないときは,当該強行規定の立法の趣旨を勘案して定めるほかないであろう。
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