Hades - Hades (English spelling)

Japanese: ハデス - はです(英語表記)Hades
Hades - Hades (English spelling)

In Greek mythology, he is the god who rules over the land of the dead. He is the son of Cronus and Rhea, and the brother of Zeus and Poseidon. He is also called Pluton (meaning the rich one), which represents the power of wealth possessed by the earth that gives birth to and nurtures all things, and was another name for Hades because he possessed the wealth of the underworld as the god of the underworld. In Roman mythology, he is also called Pluto and Dis (meaning wealth), both of which are derived from Pluto. Hades has several other names, but in most cases these names were used to avoid directly saying his terrifying real name and to allude to it in a roundabout way. Hades (or Ides) is interpreted as meaning "invisible."

In the battle against the Titans, he used his famous invisibility hat to gain control of the underworld, just as Zeus claimed the heavens and Poseidon the sea. Together with his wife Persephone, assisted by the three judges Minos, Rhadamanthys, and Aeacus, he ruled the land of the dead without violating justice. The underworld is called the "House of Hades" or simply "Hades," and the house is always guarded by a fierce dog called Cerberus, and five rivers flow around it: Styx, Acheron, Cocytus, Lethe, and Philiphlegethon. There is no mythological story about him other than the story of him kidnapping Persephone and making her his wife.

[Teruo Ito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア神話の死者の国を支配する神。クロノスとレアの子で、ゼウスとポセイドンの兄弟にあたる。プルトンPluton(富める者の意)ともよばれるが、これは万物を生み育てる大地のもつ富の力を表し、地下の神としてその地下の富を所有することからハデスの別名となった。またローマ神話では、プルトPluto、ディースDis(富の意)などともよばれ、いずれもプルトンに由来する。ハデスにはこのほかにもいくつかの別名があるが、多くの場合、その恐ろしい本名を直接口にするのを避けて婉曲(えんきょく)に暗示するため、これらの別名が用いられた。ハデス(またはアイデス)とは、「目に見えない」の意味と解釈されている。

 ティタン族との戦いでは、有名な隠れ帽子を用いて活躍し、ゼウスが天を、ポセイドンが海を領分にしたように、彼は冥界(めいかい)を獲得した。そして妃(きさき)のペルセフォネとともにミノス、ラダマンティス、アイアコスの3人の判官の補佐を受けて、正義にもとることなく死者の国を支配した。冥府のことを「ハデスの館(やかた)」とか、簡単に「ハデス」ともいうが、その館にはケルベロスという猛犬がいつも番をしており、館の周りにはスティクス、アケロン、コキトス、レテ、ピリプレゲトンの五つの川が流れている。なお、彼には、ペルセフォネを誘拐して妻とする物語のほかには神話らしいものがない。

[伊藤照夫]

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