Born: August 15/16, 1888. Tremadoc
[Died] May 19, 1935. Cloudshill British archaeologist, soldier, and writer. Known as "Lawrence of Arabia." Born of aristocratic background, he studied archaeology at Oxford University. In 1909, he traveled to Syria and Palestine for research, and from 1911 to 1914, he engaged in excavating ruins along the Euphrates River. In 1914, he was asked by the Ministry of the Army to patrol the Sinai Peninsula under the pretext of research, when World War I broke out. After the Ottoman Empire entered the war, he became an intelligence officer in charge of Arab affairs in Egypt. In 1916, he met Hussein bin Ali in Amir, Mecca, and incited him to revolt against the Ottoman Empire. As a liaison officer attached to his son, Faisal, he disrupted the rear of the imperial army. In 1917, he carried out a surprise attack on Aqaba, and was later captured by the imperial army, but escaped. In 1918, he participated in the attack on Damascus, returned to London, and in 1919, attended the Paris Peace Conference. In 1921, as an adviser on Arab affairs to the Colonial Office, he tried to resolve the issue of how Arabs should be treated. In 1922, he resigned and enlisted as a soldier in the Royal Air Force under a false name, but this was discovered. In 1923, he changed his name to T. E. Shaw and enlisted in the tank corps. In 1925, he transferred to the air corps, and was discharged in March 1935. He died shortly thereafter in a motorcycle accident. His main work was Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926). Lawrence
Lawrence, Ernest Orlando Born: August 8, 1901 in Canton, South Dakota
[Died] August 27, 1958. Palo Alto, California. American physicist. Graduated from the University of South Dakota, and received his doctorate from Yale University. After serving as an assistant professor there, he went on to become an assistant professor (1928), professor (30), and director of the Radiation Laboratory (36) at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1930, he invented the cyclotron, a type of particle accelerator, and in the 1930s, he completed a series of large cyclotrons that produced faster particles than any other particle accelerator, and used them in research on atomic nuclei and to produce artificial radioisotopes such as lawrencium. Berkeley became the world's center of accelerator physics, and many students were trained under him. During World War II, he participated in the Manhattan Project, working on the separation of uranium-235. After the war, he built a 184-inch (about 4.67 m) synchrocyclotron and also contributed to the completion of the proton synchrotron (bevatron). He is also known for inventing the cathode ray tube for color television. In 1939 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, and in 1957 he received the Fermi Prize from the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Lawrence
Lawrence, Gertrude Born: July 4, 1898, London, England
[Died] September 6, 1952. New York, New York. British actress. Real name Gertrud Alexandra Dagma Lawrence Klasen. She began performing as a pantomime artist at a young age, and later appeared in many comedies and musicals, including Private Lives (1930), Lady in the Dark (1941), and Pygmalion (1945). She died of illness while performing in The King and I (1951), a musical adaptation conceived by Lawrence. The film Star! (1968), starring Julie Andrews, depicts Lawrence's colorful life, including her relationship with Noel P. Coward. She also wrote an autobiography, A Star Danced (1945). Lawrence
Lawrence, David Herbert Born: September 11, 1885, Eastwood, Nottinghamshire
[Died] March 2, 1930. Vence, France. British novelist and poet. Born to a poor coal miner, he studied at the University of Nottingham. After teaching, he devoted himself to writing. In 1912, he eloped to the continent with Frida Weekley, the wife of his former teacher, and after their marriage he led a wandering life in Australia, America, and Mexico. He hated modern material civilization and emphasized returning to sexual love as a natural instinct. His works include full-length novels such as Sons and Lovers (1913), The Rainbow (15), Women in Love (20), and Lady Chatterley's Lover (28), as well as many novellas and short stories, poetry collections, travelogues, essays, and a voluminous collection of letters. Lawrence
Lawrence, Sir Thomas Born: April 13, 1769, Bristol
Died January 7, 1830, London. British portrait painter. He was an innkeeper's boy who painted portraits with pencil and pastel, but in 1787 he went to London to study at the Royal Academy, where he was recognized by J. Reynolds. He excelled at portraits, and after Reynolds' death he became court painter in 1892, became an Academician in 1894, and was knighted in 1815 at an unusually young age. He traveled around Europe from 18 to 18, and from 1820 he succeeded B. West as president of the Academy for 10 years. His delicate and elegant style and soft brushstrokes earned him the patronage of court aristocrats around the world. His major works include The Duke of Wellington (1815, Royal Art Collection, Windsor Castle), Pope Pius VII (19, same), and The Duchess of Leven (c. 1820, Tate Gallery, London). Lawrence
Laurens, Henry Born March 6, 1724 in Charleston, South Carolina
[Died] December 8, 1792. American politician born near Charleston, South Carolina. A planter who also worked as a trader in South Carolina. Chairman of the South Carolina Committee of Safety in 1774. Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina in 1776. Representative to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779. Speaker of the Congress from November 1777 to December 1778. On his way to the Netherlands in August 1780 to raise funds, he was captured by a British warship off the coast of Newfoundland and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Released in December 1782 in exchange for General C. Cornwallis, he returned to the United States. In June 1783, he joined the peace negotiation delegation with Britain and signed the provisional treaty with J. Adams, B. Franklin, and J. Jay, but fell ill and returned home before the treaty was signed. Lawrence
Lawrence, Paul Roger Born April 26, 1922 in Illinois, Roche. American business scholar. After graduating from Albion College, he obtained a master's degree and a doctorate from Harvard University, and continued to teach at the business school of the same university, becoming a professor in 1961. In "Organization and Environment" (1968), which he co-authored with JW Roche, he proposed that "organizations differentiate and integrate their internal structures to meet the requirements of the environment in which they exist," and his research became the core of contingency theory. In addition to the above, his major works include "Mayors in Action" (74, co-authored with Cofer) and "Matrix" (77, co-authored with Davis). Lawrence
Laurens, John Born October 28, 1754 in Charleston, South Carolina, USA
[Died] August 2, 1782. Convergence, South Carolina, USA. A soldier during the American Revolutionary period. As an aide-de-camp to George Washington, he participated in almost all of the battles commanded by Washington, but was wounded in October 1777. In 1780, he was sent to France to request aid. After returning to the United States, he participated in the war again, distinguished himself in the Battle of Yorktown, and negotiated the terms of the British surrender. He died in battle just before the end of the war. Lawrence
Lawrence A city in eastern Kansas, USA. Settlement by immigrants from New England began in 1854, and the town was founded 72 km west of Kansas City by anti-slavery activists. It became the base of an underground organization that helped escaped slaves, and was frequently attacked by anti-emancipation activists. The University of Kansas was founded in 1866, and although there is some industry, it is generally a university town that values education and cultural traditions. Population 65,608 (1990). Lawrence
Lawrence A city in the northeast of Massachusetts, USA. It is located about 40 km northwest of Boston, across the Merrimack River. It was settled in 1655. The spinning industry has developed since ancient times, utilizing the water power of the Merrimack River, and the north bank is particularly populated and home to many factories. It is world famous for its production of wool and yarn, and also produces rubber products, television parts, and soap. It is home to a state health laboratory and a courthouse. Population 72,070 (1990). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
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