A tribe living in the tropical lowlands of the upper Amazon, located in the eastern part of Ecuador and Peru. They call themselves Xuala, and are divided into three tribes: the Unturi (Jivaro in the strict sense) in the upper Santiago River, the Achuala in the Pastaza River, and the Tum (Wambisha) in the lower Santiago River. They are closely related to the Aguaruna in Peru. They are a slash-and-burn agricultural people who mainly cultivate non-toxic manioc, but hunting with blowguns and fishing using fish poison are also important. Characteristics of their social structure include a non-monoline principle leaning towards patrilineal lineage, small-scale family structures with two generations of polygamy, and a preference for matrilocal marriage. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
エクアドルとペルーの東部に位置する上流アマゾンの熱帯低地に住む部族。自称はシュアラで,サンチアゴ川上流のウンツリ(狭義のヒバロ),パスタサ川のアチュアラ,サンチアゴ川下流のツム(ワンビシャ)の3族に分かれている。ペルー領のアグアルナも近縁である。無毒マニオクをおもに栽培する焼畑農耕民であるが,吹矢を使った狩猟,魚毒を利用した漁労も重要である。社会構成上の特徴としては,父系に傾斜した非単系原理,一夫多妻2世代の小規模家族構成,妻方居住婚の優先などがあげられる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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