A general term for glass that can be used at high temperatures and is resistant to thermal shock. It is suitable for applications where the temperature changes suddenly, such as chemistry, cooking, lighting, and thermoses. There are silica glass (quartz glass), Vycor glass (96% silica glass, a product name of Corning, USA), high alumina glass, and borosilicate glass (hard glass). Among these, silica glass can withstand high temperatures of 1100°C and has the lowest thermal expansion coefficient of 5 to 6 parts per million per degree Celsius, making it the most resistant to rapid heating and cooling, but it is expensive and is rarely used as a general product. Therefore, at high temperatures, Vycor glass is used in the order of high alumina glass and borosilicate glass, and for those that can withstand thermal shock, Vycor glass and borosilicate glass are used in that order. Pyrex-grade borosilicate glass has a relatively small thermal expansion coefficient of 32 parts per million, making it resistant to thermal shock and used for scientific experiments, cooking, and as fireproof glass. However, it is best to avoid strong flames, and for this purpose Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 zero-expansion glass-ceramic products containing precipitated eucryptite and spodumene crystals (lithium aluminosilicate crystals) are suitable. [Teruo Sakaino and Setsuro Ito] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
高温まで使用でき熱衝撃に強いガラスの総称。理化学用、調理用、照明用、魔法瓶など、加熱され、温度の急変のある用途に適している。シリカガラス(石英ガラス)、バイコールガラス(96%シリカガラス、アメリカのコーニング社の商品名)、高アルミナ質ガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス(硬質ガラス)などがある。これらのなかでシリカガラスは1100℃の高温に耐え、また熱膨張係数も1℃当り1000万分の5~6と最低であるため急熱・急冷にもっとも強いが、高価であるため、一般商品として使われることは少ない。したがって、高温ではバイコールガラス、高アルミナ質ガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラスの順で、また熱衝撃に耐えるものとしてはバイコールガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラスの順で使われている。パイレックス級ホウケイ酸ガラスは熱膨張係数が1000万分の32と比較的小さいので熱衝撃に強く、科学実験用、調理用、あるいは防火ガラスなどとして使われている。しかし、強い火炎は避けたほうがよく、それには、ユークリプタイトeucryptiteやスポジュウメンspodumeneの結晶(リチウムアルミノシリケート結晶)を析出したLi2O-Al2O3-SiO2系零膨張ガラスセラミックス製品が適している。 [境野照雄・伊藤節郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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