An industry that utilizes the ability of microorganisms to biodegrade or biosynthesize various substances to produce useful substances. In a broad sense, it also includes the brewing industry, but in brewing, various components in the raw materials are transformed by complex microbial action, and food is created by combining these changes, whereas the fermentation industry often refers to the industry that produces specific compounds using specific microorganisms. Fermentation originally referred to microbial metabolism in an oxygen-free state (anaerobic), but now it also includes metabolism in the presence of oxygen (aerobic), and aerobic fermentation industry is the mainstream. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
微生物が各種の物質を生分解し,あるいは生合成する機能を,有用物質の生産などに利用する工業。広義には醸造工業も含めるが,醸造においては,原料中の各種成分が複雑な微生物作用によってそれぞれ変化し,その総合によって食品がつくりあげられるのに対し,発酵工業は特定の微生物を用い特定の化合物を生産する工業をいうことが多い。発酵とは初め酸素のない状態(嫌気)での微生物代謝をいっていたが,現在では酸素の存在下(好気)における代謝をも含めるようになり,むしろ好気的な発酵工業が主となっている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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