This refers to the process of steaming wood (called dry distillation) in a brick kiln or iron retort with the air cut off. When hardwood or scrap wood is placed in a kiln and heated from the outside, wood gas is generated first, then the volatile matter is distilled off, and finally charcoal remains. The volatile matter is cooled and left to stand, where it separates into tar and wood vinegar (wood vinegar). Tar contains a lot of the resin, fats, and higher phenols found in the wood, and is used to extract creosote. Methanol (methyl alcohol) is extracted from the wood vinegar by distillation, and it is then processed to obtain concentrated acetic acid. Dry distillation of wood for the purpose of obtaining chemical raw materials has become meaningless in recent years, and although charcoal-making industries whose main purpose is to produce charcoal still exist, they are in decline. [Masakatsu Nomura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
空気を断って木材をれんが製窯や鉄製レトルトで蒸し焼き(乾留という)にすることをいう。広葉樹の雑木、廃材などを窯に入れ外部から加熱すると、まず木ガスが発生し、次に揮発分が留出し、最後に木炭が残る。揮発分は冷却、静置してタール分と木酢(もくさく)(木酢液)に分離する。タールは木材中の樹脂、脂肪類および高級フェノールを多く含み、これからクレオソートがとれる。木酢液は蒸留によりメタノール(メチルアルコール)をとったあと、処理をして濃酢酸を得る。化学原料を目的とした木材乾留は近時意味を失っており、木炭製造を主目的とした製炭工業は現存するが衰微の傾向をたどっている。 [野村正勝] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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