Light-emitting organ

Japanese: 発光器官 - はっこうきかん
Light-emitting organ

An organ that produces bioluminescence. It is a type of effector, and is also called a light-emitting organ. Even bioluminescent organisms that secrete luminous substances outside the body do not have special light-emitting organs. Some that emit light from within the body have excellent light-emitting organs with optical appendages. The light-emitting organ of a firefly is made up of a transparent cuticle layer, a layer of granule-rich light-emitting cells underneath, and a white reflective layer. The layer of light-emitting cells contains nerve fibers that control the blinking of light and trachea that supplies the oxygen needed for luminescence. The light-emitting organs of fish such as the lanceola fish and firefly squid have eye-like structures that have a light-emitting body, a reflective layer, a lens, and a color filter. The color of the red or purple light they emit depends on the color of the color filter. Bioluminescence can be produced by substances produced by the organism itself (primary luminescence), or by using the light of symbiotic luminous bacteria (secondary luminescence). In the case of secondary luminescence, the light can also be made to blink by blocking it with a shutter or something.

[Akira Murakami]

[Reference] | Effector | Luminous Creatures
Location and cross-section of the firefly's light-emitting organ
©Tomita Hyakushu ">

Location and cross-section of the firefly's light-emitting organ

Location and cross-section of fish light-emitting organs
©Tomita Hyakushu ">

Location and cross-section of fish light-emitting organs

Firefly squid luminescence (ecology)
It is thought that bioluminescence also serves the functions of signaling between species, intimidation, and camouflage. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama ">

Firefly squid luminescence (ecology)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生物発光を行う器官。効果器の一種で、発光器ともいう。発光生物であっても、発光物質を体外に分泌して発光するものは特別の発光器をもたない。体内発光するものには、光学的な付属器官を備えたりっぱな発光器をもつものがある。ホタルの発光器は、透明なクチクラ層、その下の顆粒(かりゅう)に富んだ発光細胞層、白色の反射層からできている。発光細胞層には、光の点滅を制御する神経繊維と発光に必要な酸素を供給する気管が入り込んでいる。ホウネンエソのような魚やホタルイカなどの発光器には、発光体、反射層、レンズのほかに色フィルターも備えた目のような構造をしたものがある。これらの発する赤や紫の光の色は色フィルターの色による。生物発光には自らのつくる物質により発光する場合(一次発光)のほか、共生する発光細菌の光を利用する場合(二次発光)もある。二次発光の場合も、シャッターなどで遮ることにより光の点滅ができる場合がある。

[村上 彰]

[参照項目] | 効果器 | 発光生物
ホタルの発光器官の位置と断面図
©冨田百秋">

ホタルの発光器官の位置と断面図

魚類の発光器官の位置と断面図
©冨田百秋">

魚類の発光器官の位置と断面図

ホタルイカの発光(生態)
発光は種どうしの信号、威嚇、カムフラージュの機能もあると考えられている©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ">

ホタルイカの発光(生態)


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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