A perennial plant of the Lamiaceae family (APG classification: Lamiaceae). It grows to a height of about 1 meter and grows as a shrub. The leaves are opposite, ovate, jagged at the edges, about 10 cm long, and densely covered with fine hairs. Native to the Philippines, the leaves are used to extract essential oil, and they have long been prized as a perfume ingredient, and are widely cultivated in tropical regions such as the Philippines, Sumatra, Madagascar, and Brazil. Since it does not flower under normal cultivation conditions, it is mainly propagated by cuttings. Seedlings are planted in the field, and the stems and leaves are harvested after about six months. It can be harvested for three to four years by cutting two or three times a year. As the plant ages, the essential oil content of the leaves decreases, so it is replanted. The harvested leaves are first dried in the sun and then distilled to extract patchouli oil. The main components are patchouli alcohol, which is similar to borneol, and cadinene. Fragrant oils are used to scent perfumes, hair tonics, soaps, tobacco, etc. They are also used to scent clothes, pillows, shawls, carpets, etc., and to repel moths. They are also used medicinally. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika September 17, 2021] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
シソ科(APG分類:シソ科)の多年草。草丈は1メートルほどで、低木状になる。葉は対生し、卵形で縁(へり)にぎざぎざがあり、長さ約10センチメートル、細毛が密生する。フィリピン原産で、葉から精油をとり、古くから香水原料として珍重され、フィリピン、スマトラ、マダガスカル、ブラジルなど熱帯各地で広く栽培されている。一般の栽培条件では花がつかないので、繁殖はもっぱら挿木による。苗を畑に植え付け、半年ほどしたら茎葉を収穫する。1年に2、3回刈り取り、3~4年間続けて収穫できる。株が古くなると、葉の精油含量が減るので植え直す。収穫した葉はいったん日に干してから蒸留して香油patchouli oilをとる。主成分は竜脳(りゅうのう)に似たパチョリアルコールpatchouli alcoholやカジネンcadineneなどである。香油は香水やヘアトニック、せっけん、たばこなどの香りづけに用いられる。衣服や枕(まくら)、ショール、カーペットなどの香りづけにも使われるが、これはイガ(衣蛾)の駆除にもなる。また、薬用にも使われる。 [星川清親 2021年9月17日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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