Hadano Basin

An inland basin in the southwest of Kanagawa Prefecture. It is a sunken basin created by folding and fault movement during the Neogene period of geological time, and the topographical boundaries between the Tanzawa Mountains to the north and the Oiso Hills to the south are both fault scarps. After the collapse, sedimentation of the Mizunashi River occurred at the bottom of the basin, creating an alluvial fan. There are abundant springs at the tip of the fan near the city of Hadano, which are used for urban water as well as for brewing sake, a specialty of the area. Tobacco cultivation, which is known nationwide, became popular in the late Edo period, and the area was known for its famous tobacco, along with Kokubuha (Kagoshima) and Suifuha (Ibaraki). After the Meiji period, peanuts were added to the list, and in recent years it has also been known for producing carnations and mandarin oranges. In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in factories building up and residential areas for commuters to the Keihin area, especially in the central part of the basin.

[Yukio Asaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

神奈川県の南西部にある内陸盆地。地質時代の新第三紀におこった褶曲(しゅうきょく)、断層運動に伴ってできた陥没盆地で、北にそびえる丹沢山地(たんざわさんち)と南の大磯丘陵(おおいそきゅうりょう)との地形上の境界はともに断層崖(がい)となっている。陥没後、盆地底に水無(みずなし)川の堆積(たいせき)作用が行われて扇状地ができ、秦野の市街地付近に豊富な扇端湧水(ゆうすい)がみられ、都市用水のほか、特産の酒造用水にも使われている。全国的に知られるタバコ栽培は江戸時代後期から盛んになり、国分(こくぶ)葉（鹿児島）、水府(すいふ)葉（茨城）とともに名葉の名が高かった。明治以後はそれにラッカセイが加えられ、近年はカーネーションやミカンの産出でも知られる。近年盆地中央部を中心に、工場の進出や京浜通勤者向けの住宅地化が目だっている。

［浅香幸雄］

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