Mouthpiece - Utaguchi

Japanese: 歌口 - うたぐち
Mouthpiece - Utaguchi

A part of the name of a wind instrument. Originally, utakuchi meant the way of composing waka poetry or the skill of composing waka poetry, but it has also been used to refer to the Japanese flute since ancient times, and can be found in documents such as the 17th century Tenrihon Kyogen Fukitori, the Nippon-Portuguese Dictionary (1603), and the Joruri Ushiwaka Senningiri II (1679). Today, it is generally used as a translation of mouthpiece (embouchure in French, Mundstück in German), but when classified according to how the mouth is used, it can be explained as follows:

(1) When the whole lips are placed on the instrument. In lip-reed instruments such as the trumpet and free-reed instruments such as the sho, the mouthpiece is the mouthpiece, which is also called the blowpipe or mouth tube.

(2) When only the lower lip is placed on the flute. In transverse and vertical flutes, the part where the lower lip rests and the edge are called the mouthpiece, also called the fukiguchi. Typical examples include the flute and the shakuhachi.

(3) When held in the mouth. In reed instruments, the mouthpiece is the part that is held in the mouth of the clarinet and the reed and the bassoon, the reed itself. In whistle flutes such as recorders, the mouthpiece is sometimes interpreted as the small window with an edge, in addition to the part of the mouthpiece that is held in the mouth.

[Akiko Kawaguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

管楽器の部分名称。本来歌口とは、和歌の詠みぶり、あるいは和歌を上手に詠むことの意であるが、日本の笛に対しても古くから使われており、文献上は17世紀の天理本狂言『吹取(ふきとり)』、『日葡(にっぽ)辞書』(1603)、浄瑠璃(じょうるり)『牛若千人斬(ぎり)・二』(1679)などに記述がみられる。今日では一般にマウスピースmouthpiece(フランス語でembouchure、ドイツ語でMundstück)の訳語として使われているが、口の使い方によって分類すると次のように説明される。

(1)唇全体をあてる場合。トランペットのようなリップリード楽器や笙(しょう)のようなフリーリード楽器では、いわゆるマウスピースが歌口となり、それを吹管(すいかん)、口管ともいう。

(2)下唇のみをあてる場合。横笛や縦笛では、下唇のあたる部分とエッジの設けられている部分を歌口とし、吹口(ふきぐち)ともよぶ。フルート、尺八などがその代表例。

(3)くわえる場合。リード楽器のうち、クラリネットではリードとベックをあわせた部分、篳篥(ひちりき)やファゴットではリード自体。リコーダーのようなホイッスルフルートでは、くわえた吹口の部分を歌口とするほかに、エッジの設けられた小窓を歌口とする解釈もある。

[川口明子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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