Hazu - Hazu (English spelling) Purging croton

Japanese: ハズ - はず(英語表記)purging croton
Hazu - Hazu (English spelling) Purging croton

An evergreen tall tree of the Euphorbiaceae family (APG classification: Euphorbiaceae). It is found in tropical Asia from southern China to Taiwan. It grows to a height of 6-10 meters. The leaves are alternate and have 2-6 cm long stalks. The leaf blade is ovate or oblong, 8-12 cm long, 6 cm wide, gently pointed at the tip, and has two glandular bodies near the petiole. It is monoecious, and from March to May it produces a 10-12 cm long raceme at the terminal, with some species bearing only male flowers, and others with male flowers at the top and female flowers at the bottom. The male flowers are green, with five-lobed calyxes and five petals, while the female flowers have no petals. The capsule is ovate or obovate, with three obtuse angles, and three seeds.

The fruits ripen from August to September, but are harvested before they split open, and the extracted seeds are called hasu (ba-do) in traditional Chinese medicine and used as a laxative. Shien is a famous prescription that uses hasu as the main ingredient. In addition, the fatty oil (30-45%) obtained by cold pressing the seeds is called hasu oil, and as it is highly irritating to the skin, it is used as a blister medicine and as a laxative. However, hasu is highly toxic and has strong effects, so caution is required when using it.

[Motoo Nagasawa June 23, 2020]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

トウダイグサ科(APG分類:トウダイグサ科)の常緑高木。中国南部、台湾以南の熱帯アジアに分布する。高さ6~10メートル。葉は互生し、長さ2~6センチメートルの柄をもつ。葉身は卵形または長卵円形で長さ8~12センチメートル、幅6センチメートル、先端は緩くとがり、葉柄の近くに2個の腺体(せんたい)がある。雌雄同株で、3月から5月にかけて長さ10~12センチメートルの総状花序を頂生するが、全部が雄花のものと、上部に雄花、下部に雌花をつけるものとがある。雄花は緑色で萼(がく)は5裂し、花弁5個をもつが、雌花には花弁がない。蒴果(さくか)は長円形ないし倒卵形で、三鈍角をなし、3個の種子をもつ。

 果実は8月から9月にかけて成熟するが、裂開する前に採取し、取り出した種子を漢方では巴豆(はず)と称して峻下(しゅんげ)剤として使用する。巴豆を主薬とした処方では紫円(しえん)が有名である。また、種子を冷圧して得る脂肪油(30~45%)を巴豆油といい、皮膚に強い刺激を与えるので発疱(はっぽう)薬とするほか、峻下剤にも使用される。しかし、巴豆は毒性も作用も強いため、使用に際しては注意を要する。

[長沢元夫 2020年6月23日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Hazu [town] - Hazu

>>:  Hearthstone

Recommend

Bedroom - Shinshitsu

A room in a house for sleeping. In shinden-zukuri...

Streptopus

...A perennial plant of the lily family that is c...

Puppet - Puppet

An old name for a puppeteer. It is also written a...

River terrace - river terrace

A stepped landform along a river that is higher t...

Yakushisou - Yakushisou

It is a biennial plant of the Asteraceae family. ...

Mistra - Mistra (English spelling)

Ruins from the Byzantine period in Greece. In 124...

Virgin Mary and Child

It refers to the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus...

Oguramachi ruins

...It is located on the Kitashirakawa alluvial fa...

Prey

… What animals feed on varies from animal to anim...

White-spotted hawk - White-spotted hawk

…This is a cold-tolerant perennial plant with a s...

Kuromoji (black lettering) - Lindera umbellata

A deciduous shrub of the Lauraceae family, found i...

Omote-zukuri

...Kadoya was a high-ranking residence that only ...

samsin

…In addition to the Uchigami, who are worshipped ...

Railway security officer - Tetsudoukouankan

An officer or employee of the Japanese National Ra...

Saburo Aso

Western-style painter. Born in Tokyo. Graduated f...