British organic chemist. Studied under WH Perkin, Jr. at the University of Manchester, and studied abroad at the University of Göttingen. In 1912 he became a lecturer at the University of St. Andrews, and in 1920 a professor at Durham University, before becoming a professor at the University of Birmingham (until 1948) in 1925. He initially studied terpenes, but in 1915 he moved on to carbohydrates after studying the structure of oligosaccharides by methylation, expanding on the work of EH Fischer and establishing the foundations of carbohydrate chemistry. His work includes formulating the ring structure of monosaccharides as pyran and furan derivatives (pyranose, furanose), researching the synthesis of various sugar derivatives, determining the structure of oligosaccharides, and researching the structure of polysaccharides as biopolymers. In 1932, he used the results of these efforts to successfully determine the structure and synthesize vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with P. Karrer in 1937. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
イギリスの有機化学者.マンチェスター大学でW.H. Perkin, Jr.に学び,ゲッチンゲン大学に留学.1912年セント・アンドルーズ大学講師,1920年ダーラム大学教授を経て,1925年バーミンガム大学教授(~1948年)となる.はじめテルペンを研究したが,1915年のメチル化によるオリゴ糖の構造研究から糖質に移り,E.H. Fischer(フィッシャー)の業績を発展させ,糖質化学の基礎を確立した.単糖の環構造のピラン,フラン誘導体としての定式化(ピラノース,フラノース),各種糖誘導体の合成研究,オリゴ糖の構造決定,生体高分子としての多糖の構造研究などがあり,1932年には,それらの成果を駆使してビタミンC(L-アスコルビン酸)の構造決定と合成に成功し,1937年P. Karrer(カラー)とともにノーベル化学賞を受賞した. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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