... Mithra, who is inseparably related to Varuna, is the god of contract. The Zoroastrian Mithra corresponds to Mithra and is a god of war, rain, and light. This Mithra was worshiped by Roman soldiers who invaded the Middle East, and was widely worshiped in the Roman Empire in the early years of the Christian era. From [Mitra]...The next oldest document is the Boğazköy Text from the 14th century BC, where he appears as the god of the Hittite and Mitanni covenant. In the Avesta, the Iranian holy book, he is called Mithra, and in the Mithraic Hymn (Mihr Yasht), he is called the "Savior from Death," "Giver of Blessings," "Victor," "Warrior," and "Lord of the Pastures." In the Zoroaster Reformation, he was considered an incarnation of the divine nature of the supreme god Ahura Mazda (principle of light and goodness). ... From [Maitreya]…Although it is considered to be a transliteration of the Sanskrit Maitreya, the name Maitreya itself is thought to come from the sun god Miiro, who appears on coins from the Kushan dynasty (mid-1st century to early 3rd century). In the language used under the Kushan dynasty, Miiro comes from the Iranian sun god Mithra, and is therefore related to the Vedic pact god Mitra. Indian Buddhists reduced Miiro to Mitra, and since mitra means friend and the derived word maitreya means friendly, it seems that they interpreted Maitreya as a literal translation of Maitreya. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Mithra" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… バルナと不可分の関係にあるミトラは契約の神である。ミトラに対応するゾロアスター教のミスラMithraは軍神,雨神,光明神などの様相をとる。このミスラは中近東方面に遠征したローマ軍兵士の信仰を受け,紀元後初頭のローマ帝国で広く崇拝された。… 【ミトラ】より…次に古い史料は前14世紀の〈ボアズキョイ文書〉であり,そこではヒッタイト人とミタンニ人の盟約の神として現れる。イラン人の聖典アベスターではミトラMithraと呼ばれるが,《ミトラ賛歌(ミフル・ヤシュト)》において,〈死からの救い主〉〈祝福を与える者〉〈勝利者〉〈戦士〉〈牧場の主〉などと称される。ゾロアスターの宗教改革では最高神アフラ・マズダ(光と善の原理)の神性の一分身とされた。… 【弥勒】より…サンスクリットのマイトレーヤMaitreyaの音訳とされているが,〈弥勒〉という名前そのものはクシャーナ朝(1世紀半ば~3世紀前半)の貨幣にあらわれる太陽神ミイロMiiroに由来すると思われる。クシャーナ朝下で用いられた言語でミイロはイランの太陽神ミスラMithraに由来し,したがってベーダの契約神ミトラMitraと関連する。インド仏教徒はMiiroをMitraに還元し,mitraが友を意味し,派生語maitreyaが〈友情ある〉を意味することから,弥勒を〈慈氏〉(Maitreyaの意訳語)ととらえたものと思われる。… ※「Mithra」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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