Polarization - Culture

[ I ] [See alternative terms] Molar polarization [ II ] In electrochemical systems, this refers to the process or phenomenon of shifting the electrode potential from the reversible potential. Considering a metal-aqueous solution interface, if the potential difference at the interface is changed but no change occurs other than the charge concentrating near the interface and forming an electrostatic field, then an electrode will not allow a steady current to flow even when the potential is changed, and can be considered a leak-free capacitor. Such an electrode is called an ideal polarizable electrode. Since the rate of hydrogen evolution is slow on a mercury electrode, a mercury electrode can be approximately considered an ideal polarizable electrode in an aqueous solution containing only a supporting salt. In contrast, with an electrode through which charged bodies can pass freely (an electrode with a fast electrode reaction rate), charge does not accumulate at the interface, so the potential does not change even when a current flows. Such an electrode is called an ideal non-polarizable electrode. These characteristics are required for electrodes used as a potential standard, such as a reference electrode.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

【Ⅰ】[別用語参照]モル分極【Ⅱ】電気化学系で，電極電位を可逆電位からずらす操作または現象をいう．金属-水溶液界面を考え，界面の電位差を変えても電荷が界面近傍に集中して静電場を形成する以外の変化は起こらないような電極では，電位を変えても定常的な電流は流れず，漏えいのないコンデンサーとみなせる．このような電極を理想分極性電極(ideal polarizable electrode)という．水銀電極上では水素発生速度が遅いので，支持塩のみを含む水溶液中で水銀電極は近似的に理想分極電極とみなせる．これに対し，荷電体が自由に通過できる電極(電極反応速度の速い電極)では，界面に電荷の蓄積が起こらないので，電流が流れても電位は変わらない．このような電極を理想非分極性電極(ideal non-polarizable electrode)という．照合電極のような電位の規準として用いられる電極では，このような特性が要求される．

出典　森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）」化学辞典 第2版について　情報