George David Birkoff

Japanese: バーコフ - ばーこふ(英語表記)George David Birkoff
George David Birkoff

American mathematician. He studied at Harvard University and the University of Chicago, and later became a professor at Princeton University, and then at Harvard University. From the end of the 19th century, the theory of differential equations saw great development with the introduction of qualitative and topological methods by Poincaré and then Aleksandr Mihaylovich Lyapunov (1857-1918). Birkhoff also studied this, inheriting the qualitative and topological methods, proving Poincaré's unfinished theorem and creating the theory of dynamical systems in 1912, making a major contribution to this field.

In addition, his pioneering work on the conditions for the validity of the "ergodic theorem" that he presented in 1931 is also known as an outstanding achievement that contributed greatly to the foundations of statistical mechanics.

[Jun Fujimura]

[Reference] | Ergodicity | Poincaré

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの数学者。ハーバード大学およびシカゴ大学に学び、のちプリンストン大学教授、ついでハーバード大学教授となった。19世紀の終わりごろから、ポアンカレ、ついでリャプノフАлександр Михайлович Ляпунов/Aleksandr Mihaylovich Lyapunov(1857―1918)らが定性的・位相的な方法を導入して大きな発展をみた微分方程式論であるが、バーコフもこれを研究し、定性的・位相的方法を受け継ぎ、ポアンカレの未完の定理も証明して、1912年には力学系の理論をつくりだしてこの分野に大きな貢献をした。

 そのほか、1931年に示した「エルゴード定理」の成立条件も、優れた開拓的業績として知られている。これは統計力学の基礎づけに大きく寄与したものである。

[藤村 淳]

[参照項目] | エルゴード性 | ポアンカレ

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