… Liquid 4He , or liquid helium-4, transitions to a superfluid state where viscosity disappears at 2.172 K (0.0497 atm). Liquid helium-4 in a superfluid state is sometimes called liquid helium II, while liquid helium-4 above the superfluid transition temperature is called liquid helium I. Liquid helium-3 (liquid 3He ) also transitions to a superfluid state at 0.93 mK (0 atm). … From [Superfluidity]...In the superfluid state, the liquid flows without pressure difference through extremely thin tubes, and various strange phenomena such as second sound and the fountain effect are observed. The existence of a phase called liquid helium II in liquid helium-4 was discovered by WH Kesom and others in 1927, and it was confirmed in 1938 by PL Kapitza that this was a superfluid phase with zero viscosity. The superfluid phase of liquid helium-3 was also discovered in 1972 by DD Osheroff and others from the United States. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "Liquid Helium II" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…4Heの液体,液体ヘリウム4は2.172K(0.0497気圧)で粘性が消失する超流動状態に転移する。超流動状態の液体ヘリウム4を液体ヘリウムII,これに対して超流動転移温度以上の液体ヘリウム4を液体ヘリウムIと呼ぶこともある。液体ヘリウム3(3Heの液体)も0.93mK(0気圧)で超流動状態に転移する。… 【超流動】より…超流動状態では,液体はきわめて細い管の中を圧力差なしに流れ,また,第2音波や噴水効果など種々の奇妙な現象が観測される。 液体ヘリウム4に,液体ヘリウムIIと呼ばれる相が存在することはW.H.ケーソムらによって1927年に発見され,これが粘性0の超流動相であることは38年にP.L.カピッツァによって確かめられた。また液体ヘリウム3の超流動相はアメリカのD.D.オシェロフらによって72年に発見された。… ※「液体ヘリウム II」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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