Brush strokes

A style of pottery from the Joseon Dynasty of the Korean Peninsula. There are two concepts to this. One is a type of pottery decoration method in which white clay is brushed onto the base, then covered with a transparent glaze and fired. The name comes from the visible brush marks. The other refers to Goryeo tea bowls decorated with this brush stroke.

The white clay inlay technique, which began in the 12th century during the Goryeo Dynasty, declined significantly during the Joseon Dynasty, eventually falling into a style known as "Mishima." Brushed patterns appeared in the 14th and 15th centuries, when white clay was used only as a decorative clay, rather than for inlay. Gyeryongsan Kilns in Gongju, South Chungcheong Province, are famous as a representative kiln, and this style spread throughout the country. When rough inlay or scratched-out lines are added to a brushed background, it is called "Hori Brushed Pattern," when iron painting is added, it is called "E Brushed Pattern," and when there is no pattern, it is called "Muji Brushed Pattern." Wabi tea bowls decorated with this type of technique are called "Hakeme tea bowls," and were introduced and highly valued in Japan in the 16th century. Brushed tea bowls bearing the names "Shirotae" and "Gappo" are famous. The brush stroke technique is also used in modern pottery.

[Yoshiaki Yabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

朝鮮半島李朝(りちょう)時代の陶芸の一作風。これには二つの概念があり、一つは陶器の加飾法の一種で、素地(きじ)に白泥を刷毛で塗り、透明釉(ゆう)をかけて焼き上げたもので、刷毛跡がみえるのでこの呼称がある。いま一つは、この刷毛目の装飾を施した高麗茶碗(こうらいぢゃわん)をさす。

　高麗時代の12世紀に創始された白土象眼(ぞうがん)法は、李朝時代に入って著しく衰微し、その結果「三島(みしま)」とよばれる作風に堕したが、白土を象眼用ではなく化粧土としてのみ利用した段階の14～15世紀に刷毛目が登場する。忠清南道公州市の鶏竜山窯(けいりゅうざんよう)はその代表窯として名高く、この作風は全国に流布した。刷毛目を地にして大まかな象眼や掻(か)き落としの線描を加えたものが彫(ほり)刷毛目、鉄絵を加えると絵刷毛目、文様のないものは無地刷毛目となる。この種の技法で加飾されたわびの茶碗は刷毛目茶碗とよばれ、わが国では16世紀に取り上げられて珍重された。銘「白妙(しろたえ)」、銘「合甫(がっぽ)」の刷毛目茶碗は有名。なお、刷毛目の手法は現代陶芸でも応用されている。

［矢部良明］

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