Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich

Japanese: サハロフ（英語表記）Sakharov， Andrei Dmitrievich

Born: May 21, 1921, Moscow
[Died] December 14, 1989. Moscow Soviet physicist. Graduated from Moscow University (1942) and worked at the Lebedev Institute of Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (45). He received his doctorate at the age of 26 and became a full member of the Academy of Sciences at the age of 32. He achieved pioneering results in theoretical physics, led the development of the H-bomb in the Soviet Union, and received the Lenin Prize and the Stalin Prize. Since the 1960s, he has appealed to the world, including the Soviet government, for his humanistic and pacifist ideas through his criticism of bureaucracy, anti-nuclear testing, and nuclear disarmament campaigns. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975, but was forbidden by the Soviet authorities to leave the country to receive the award. From 1980 to 1986, he was stripped of all honors and titles (although he retained his membership of the Academy of Sciences) for treason against the state, and was forced to move to Gorky. He was later reinstated under the perestroika (reform) policy promoted by the Gorbachev administration, and was elected People's Deputy in 1989. His famous work, "Progress, Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom," published in 1968, is well known.

Sakharov
Sakharov, Aleksandr

Born: May 26, 1886 by Mario Paulo
[Died] September 25, 1963. Siena Soviet dancer. Her real name was Zuckermann. She studied law and painting in Paris, but later switched to dance. In 1911, influenced by I. Duncan, who was considered avant-garde at the time, she gave a solo recital, and then married C. Delp, who had appeared in M. Reinhardt's productions, and held duet dance concerts all over the country. Her style was called "abstract mime." In 1953, she moved to Rome, where she and her husband opened a dance school and taught the next generation of dancers.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1921.5.21. モスクワ
[没]1989.12.14. モスクワ
ソ連の物理学者。モスクワ大学卒業 (1942) ，ソ連科学アカデミー・レーベデフ物理学研究所に勤務 (45) 。 26歳で学位を取り，32歳で科学アカデミー正会員となった。理論物理学分野で先駆的業績を上げ，ソ連の水爆開発を指導，レーニン賞，スターリン賞を受けた。 1960年代以降は，官僚主義批判，核実験反対運動，核軍縮キャンペーンなどを通じて，ソ連政府を含めて，全世界にその人間主義・平和主義思想を訴えた。 75年ノーベル平和賞に選ばれたが，ソ連当局から受賞のための出国を禁じられ，80～86年国家への反逆を理由にすべての栄誉・称号を剥奪され (科学アカデミー会員の身分はそのまま) ，ゴーリキー市に強制移住させられた。その後，ゴルバチョフ政権の推進したペレストロイカ (改革) 政策のもとで復権，89年には人民代議員に選出された。 68年に公刊した『進歩・平和共存・知的自由』 Razmyshleniya o progresse，mirnom sosushchestvovanii i intellektual'noi svobodeは有名である。

サハロフ
Sakharov， Aleksandr

[生]1886.5.26. マリオポール
[没]1963.9.25. シエナ
ソ連の舞踊家。本姓 Zuckermann。パリで法律と絵を学ぶが，のちに舞踊に転向。 1911年，当時前衛といわれた I.ダンカンの影響のもとに，ソロ・リサイタルを開いたのち，M.ラインハルトの演出作品に出演していた C.デルプと結婚し，デュエットによるダンス・コンサートを各地で開催。その作風は「抽象的マイム」と称された。 53年ローマに移り，夫妻で舞踊学校を開設して後進の指導にあたった。

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