It is a general term for textiles produced in Hakata, Fukuoka City and its surrounding areas, but generally refers to obi fabrics woven with the unique texture and distinctive feel of silk textiles. It is a warp-ribbed weave in which the warp threads completely envelop the weft threads, creating horizontal ridges that make it a good fit for an obi. Stripes are added to this and raised patterns are woven with the warp threads, with the distinctive geometric pattern known as dokkohanazara being considered the most representative pattern. There are many theories about the origins of this Hakata weaving, and the most widely-held one is that it was created by Mitsuta Yasoemon, who traveled to China during the Kamakura period to learn techniques, but there is no consensus. Hakata obi production began in 1600 (Keicho 5) when Kuroda Nagamasa became the lord of Chikuzen, and developed with the protection of the domain. At first, only men's obi were produced, but women's obi were also produced, and cotton obi were also woven. It is now designated as a traditional craft. Ogawa Zenzaburo was recognized as a holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure) in 1971 (Showa 46), and his son Ogawa Kisaburo was recognized in 2003 (Heisei 15). [Kadoyama Yukihiro] "Edited by Yuzuru Okada, 'Living National Treasure Series 18: Ogawa Zenzaburo - Presented Hakata-ori - Koda Eisuke - Fine Sendai-daira -'" (1978, Kodansha) [Reference] | | | |©Fukuoka City "> Hand weaving of Hakata-ori Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
福岡市博多およびその周辺で生産される織物の総称であるが、一般的には絹織物のもつ独特の風合いと特色のある地合いの帯地に織り上げたものをさす。それは経(たて)糸が緯(よこ)糸をすっぽりと包み込んでいる経畝(たてうね)織で、横方向に畝ができていて、帯として締まりがよいものである。これに縞(しま)を入れ、紋経糸で浮文を織り出しているが、とくに独鈷華皿(どっこはなざら)とよぶ独特の幾何模様が代表的柄とされている。この博多織の起源については多くの説があり、もっとも流布されているのは、鎌倉時代に中国へ渡って技術を学んできた満田弥三右衛門(みつたやそうえもん)によって創始されたというが、定説はない。博多帯の生産は1600年(慶長5)に黒田長政(ながまさ)が筑前(ちくぜん)の領主になってからで、藩の保護とともに発展した。初め男帯だけであったが、女帯もでき、木綿のものも織られた。現在、伝統的工芸品に指定されている。1971年(昭和46)に小川善三郎(ぜんざぶろう)が、2003年(平成15)にその息子の小川規三郎(きさぶろう)が国の重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に認定された。 [角山幸洋] 『岡田譲編集代表『人間国宝シリーズ18 小川善三郎――献上博多織―― 甲田栄佑――精好仙台平――』(1978・講談社)』 [参照項目] | | | |©福岡市"> 博多織の手織り作業 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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