Kim Jong-pil

A South Korean soldier and politician. Born in Buyeo, South Chungcheong Province. After liberation in 1945, he studied at Seoul National University College of Education, and graduated from the 8th class of the Military Academy in 1948. He held various posts related to military intelligence. He married Park Young-ok, niece of Park Chung-hee, and assisted Park during the 1961 military revolution. He founded the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) and became its first director. He was active as a promoter for the founding of the Democratic Republican Party in 1963, and worked hard to normalize diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea, before becoming Prime Minister in 1971. After that, he had a delicate relationship with President Park, and he was repeatedly defeated and reinstated, traveling between South Korea, Japan, and the United States. After Park's assassination in 1979, he ran as a presidential candidate alongside Kim Young-sam and Kim Dae-jung, and the "arrival of the era of the Three Kims" was heralded, but in May 1980 he was taken to the Martial Law Command and expelled from politics. In 1985, the ban on political activity was lifted. He became president of the Republican Party and the United Liberal Democrats, and in the 1997 presidential election he supported his former political rival, Kim Dae-jung, helping him win, and became Prime Minister of the Kim Dae-jung administration that was launched in 1998. In 2001 he resigned as Prime Minister and stepped down from power. He was defeated in the 2004 general election and retired from politics.

[Motoi Tamaki July 20, 2018]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

韓国（大韓民国）の軍人、政治家。忠清南道(ちゅうせいなんどう／チュンチョンナムド)扶余(ふよ／プヨ)出身。1945年解放後、ソウル大学師範大を経て、1948年陸軍士官学校第8期卒業。軍情報部関係のポストを歴任。朴正煕(ぼくせいき／パクチョンヒ)の姪(めい)朴英玉(ぼくえいぎょく／パクヨンオク)と結婚し、1961年軍事革命に際し、朴を補佐する役割を果たし、韓国中央情報部（KCIA）を創設して初代部長となった。1963年民主共和党創立のプロモーターとして活躍、日韓国交正常化に尽くしたのち、1971年国務総理。以後、大統領朴と微妙な関係に入り、失脚、復権を繰り返しながら、韓・日・米間を往来。1979年朴の暗殺後、金泳三(きんえいさん／キムヨンサム)、金大中(きんだいちゅう／キムデジュン)とともに大統領候補となり「三金時代到来」といわれたが、1980年5月、戒厳司令部に連行され、政界から追放。1985年政治活動解禁。共和党総裁、自由民主連合総裁となり、1997年大統領選で旧政敵の金大中候補を支持して当選させ、1998年発足した金大中政権の国務総理（首相）となる。2001年首相を辞任、下野した。2004年の総選挙で落選し政界を退いた。

［玉城　素　2018年7月20日］

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