Tyndall, John

Japanese: ティンダル（英語表記）Tyndall， John

Born: 2 August 1820, Lleyrinbridge, Carlow
Died: December 4, 1893. Hindhead, Surrey. Irish physicist. Worked as a city clerk and railway engineer while studying, and studied under R. Bunsen at the University of Marburg in Germany, earning his doctorate in 1851. Member of the Royal Society of London (1852) and professor at the Royal Institution (53). Known for his research on the scattering of light by large molecules and small particles (the Tyndall phenomenon), he elucidated the mechanism behind why the sky appears blue. He also studied the magnetic properties of crystals, the heat absorption and radiation of gases, and is famous for confirming that food does not spoil in sterile air, thus dispelling the theory of spontaneous generation. Contributed to the popularization of science. His main work was Heat Considered As a Mode of Motion (63).

Tyndall
Tyndale, William

[Born] Around 1494
[Died] October 6, 1536, Brussels. English Reformer and Bible translator. He studied Greek at Oxford University and was ordained around 1521. In 1523, he went to London to translate the New Testament from the Greek original into English, but was unable to get the support of Bishop Tunstall of London, so he went to the continent and visited Luther in Wittenberg. He began printing in Cologne in 1525, moved to Worms, and completed the work in 1526, laying the foundations for what would later become the King James Version of the Bible (1611). He gained the favor of Henry VIII by preaching that the authority of the Bible and the king was superior to that of the church and the pope, but lost his trust when he opposed the king's divorce. He was eventually arrested by the German emperor for heresy and executed by hanging.

Tyndall
Tindal, Matthew

Born: 1657. Devonshire
[Died] August 16, 1733. British deist from Oxford. Converted to Catholicism in 1685, but rejoined the Church of England in 1687. One of the leading figures of late deism in England, his The Rights of the Christian Church Asserted (1706) provoked many objections, and his Christianity as Old as the Creation (30) is said to be the bible of deism.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1820.8.2. カーロー，ライリンブリッジ
[没]1893.12.4. サリー，ハインドヘッド
アイルランドの物理学者。市役所吏員，鉄道技師をしながら勉強し，ドイツのマールブルク大学で R.ブンゼンの指導を受け，1851年学位取得。ロンドン・ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員 (1852) ，王立研究所教授 (53) 。巨大分子，微粒子による散乱光 (ティンダル現象 ) の研究で知られ，空がなぜ青く見えるかの機構を明らかにした。また結晶の磁気的性質の研究，気体の熱吸収，放射の研究のほか，無菌の空気中では食物の腐敗が起らないことを確かめ，自然発生説を葬ったことでも有名。科学の普及に貢献。主著は『運動様式としての熱』 Heat Considered As a Mode of Motion (63) 。

ティンダル
Tyndale， William

[生]1494頃
[没]1536.10.6. ブリュッセル
イギリスの宗教改革家，聖書翻訳者。オックスフォード大学でギリシア語を修め，1521年頃聖職につく。 1523年ロンドンに出てギリシア語原典からの新約聖書の英訳を志したが，ロンドン司教タンスタルの援助を得られず大陸に赴き，ウィッテンベルクのルターを訪問。 1525年ケルンで印刷を始め，ウォルムスに移って 1526年に完成，のちの『欽定英訳聖書 (きんていえいやくせいしょ) 』 (1611) の基礎を築いた。聖書と国王の権威が教会と教皇にまさると説いてヘンリー8世の好意を得たが，王の離婚に反対して信任を失った。最後は異端のゆえをもってドイツ皇帝によって捕えられ，絞首刑に処せられた。

ティンダル
Tindal， Matthew

[生]1657. デボンシャー
[没]1733.8.16. オックスフォード
イギリスの理神論者。 1685年カトリックに転向したが，87年国教会に復帰した。イギリスにおける後期理神論の代表者の一人で，『キリスト教会の権利の主張』 The Rights of the Christian Church Asserted (1706) は多くの反論を呼起し，『天地創造以来のキリスト教』 Christianity as Old as the Creation (30) は理神論のバイブルといわれている。

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