Statistical inference that does not assume a specific probability distribution. For example, to test the null hypothesis H 0 : μ = μ 0 , which states that the population mean μ is equal to a certain value μ 0 , one usually assumes a normal distribution and constructs a rejection region. This test is optimal when the assumption that the distribution is normal is true. On the other hand, although a certain degree of robustness has been confirmed when normality does not hold, it obviously cannot be a good test when the deviation is large. For this reason, nonparametric testing methods that do not specify a population distribution have been devised. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
特定の確率分布を想定しないで行う統計的推論。たとえば,母集団の平均μがある値μ0に等しいという帰無仮説H0:μ=μ0を検定するのに,ふつうは正規分布を仮定して棄却域を構成する。その検定は正規分布であるとの仮定が真であるときは最適なものとなる。他方,正規性が成り立たないときにはある程度の頑健性は確かめられているものの,乖離が大きいときには当然よい検定とは成り得ない。そこで母集団分布を特定しないノンパラメトリックな検定方式が考えられている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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