Tang Caichang

A leader of the reform and self-strengthening movement in the late Qing Dynasty in China. A native of Liuyang County, Hunan Province. Together with his fellow townsman Tan Sitong and others, he founded the Current Affairs School and the Southern Studies Association, and promoted the reform and self-strengthening movement in Hunan Province. In particular, he promoted the idea of ​​reform through editing and writing the Xiang Xue Bao and Xiang Bao, and worked to enlighten the local area. After the Bohtsu Coup, he came to Japan and formed an alliance with Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries, as well as Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao's Bao Hui Society. With the promise of funding from Kang and Liang, he began planning South China's independence, and formed the Independence Society in Shanghai, with students from the Current Affairs School and students who had studied in Japan at the core. He also gathered progressive figures from all over the country to hold a "Chinese Congress" to discuss plans for an uprising, nominating Rong Hong and Yan Fu as chairman and vice-chairman, and serving as general secretary himself. He also linked up with the Ge Lao Hui to organize an independence army in Hankou, reorganizing it into seven armies, and planned to take advantage of the Boxer Rebellion to launch uprisings in various places. However, while the promised military funds did not arrive and plans were postponed, his plans were discovered and he was discovered by Governor-General of Huguang Zhang Zhidong, arrested in the British Concession in Hankou, and executed along with over 20 of his comrades. This incident is known as the Independence Army Incident.

[Kikuko Nishikawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)末の変法(へんぽう)自強運動の指導者。湖南省瀏陽(りゅうよう)県の人。同郷の譚嗣同(たんしどう)らとともに時務学堂、南学会を設立し、湖南省で変法自強運動を推進した。とくに『湘(しょう)学報』『湘報』の編集、執筆を通じて変法思想を鼓吹し、地方の啓蒙(けいもう)に努めた。戊戌(ぼじゅつ)の政変後、来日して孫文らの革命派および康有為(こうゆうい)、梁啓超(りょうけいちょう)の保皇会と提携し、康、梁から資金提供の約束を得て華南独立計画に着手、時務学堂学生、留日学生を中核として上海(シャンハイ)に自立会を結成した。また全国の進歩人士を集めて「中国議会」を開き蜂起(ほうき)計画を討議、容閎(ようこう)と厳復(げんふく)を正副会長に推し、自身は総幹事を務めた。さらに哥老(かろう)会と結び、漢口において自立軍を組織、七軍に編成し、義和団(ぎわだん)事件に乗じて各地で蜂起する計画であった。しかし約束の軍資金が届かず延期しているうちに発覚し、湖広総督の張之洞(ちょうしどう)に摘発され、漢口のイギリス租界で逮捕、20余名の同志とともに処刑された。これを自立軍事件という。

［西川喜久子］

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