Novosibirsk - Nobosibirsk (English spelling) Novosibirsk

Japanese: ノボシビルスク - のぼしびるすく(英語表記)Новосибирск/Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk - Nobosibirsk (English spelling) Novosibirsk

The capital of Novosibirsk Oblast in central Russia. Until 1925, it was called Novonikolaevsk/Novonikolaevsk. It is located on both banks of the Ob River, where the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the river, in the southeastern part of the West Siberian lowland, with the city center on the right bank. With a population of 1,402,400 (1999), it is the largest city in Siberia. It has a river port on the Ob River, and is a transportation hub where the railway branches off to the Kuznetsk coalfield, Altai Krai, and Central Asia, and has a large airport. Its main industries are machine manufacturing and metallurgy, and it produces heavy machine tools, hydraulic presses, heavy electrical machinery, electric heating equipment, agricultural machinery, radio equipment, etc., and it also has a steel mill and a tin complex. There are also chemical industries (plastics, varnish paints, pharmaceuticals), light industry (leather/footwear and cotton complexes, sewing, construction materials), and food products (flour mills, oils and fats and canned meat complexes). In addition to several thermal power plants, there is the Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Power Plant (output 400,000 kilowatts, completed in 1959) on the Ob River in the south of the city.

The city is also a center of academics, education, and culture. In particular, Akademgorodok was built over a period of about 10 years from 1957 on the shores of the artificial lake of the hydroelectric power plant (28 km south of the city center), and the Siberian branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now the Russian Academy of Sciences) and its research institutes (mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, biology, etc.) and Novosibirsk State University (1959) were established there. Since then, the city has become the center of academic research and education for the development of Siberia. Akademgorodok is home to about 40,000 people, including scholars and their families, students, and workers.

Novosibirsk's rapid development began in 1893 when it became the construction site of the Ob River iron bridge of the Trans-Siberian Railway, and in 1904 the village became Novonikolaevsk City and developed as a commercial area. The Soviet government was established in December 1917, but in May of the following year it was replaced by a counter-revolutionary government, and from November of that year to December of the following year it was under the control of General Kolchak of the White Guards. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it became a city of the Russian Federation.

[Masatoshi Mikami]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシア連邦中部、ノボシビルスク州の州都。1925年までノボニコラエフスクНовониколаевск/Novonikolaevskと称した。西シベリア低地の南東部、シベリア鉄道がオビ川を渡る地点のオビ川両岸に位置し、都心は右岸にある。人口140万2400(1999)で、シベリア最大の都市。オビ川の河港を有し、鉄道がクズネツク炭田、アルタイ地方、中央アジア方面へ分岐し、大規模な空港もある交通上の要地。主要な工業は機械製造業と冶金(やきん)業で、重工作機、水圧プレス、重電機、電熱装置類、農業機械、無線機などが生産され、製鋼業と錫(すず)コンビナートがある。化学工業(プラスチック、ワニス塗料、医薬品)、軽工業(皮革・履き物と綿業との両コンビナート、縫製、建設資材)、食料品(製粉、油脂と肉缶詰との両コンビナート)の工業もある。動力源としては数か所の火力発電所のほか、市の南部のオビ川にノボシビルスク水力発電所(出力40万キロワット、1959完成)がある。

 この市は学術、教育、文化の中心地でもある。とくに水力発電所の人造湖岸(市の都心から南方28キロメートル)に1957年から約10年かけてアカデムゴロドクАкадемгородок/Akademgorodokが建設され、ソ連科学アカデミー(現ロシア科学アカデミー)シベリア支部とその諸研究所(数学、物理学、化学、地質学、生物学など)、ノボシビルスク総合大学(1959)が設置された。それ以来、市はシベリア開発の学術研究と教育の中心地となった。アカデムゴロドクには学者とその家族、学生や労働者など、約4万人が居住する。

 ノボシビルスクの急激な発展の端緒は、1893年にシベリア鉄道のオビ川鉄橋の建設地点となったことで、村は1904年にはノボニコラエフスク市となり、商業地として発達。1917年12月にソビエト政権が樹立されたが、翌年5月には反革命政権にかわり、同年11月から翌19年12月までは白衛軍のコルチャーク将軍の支配下にあった。1991年ソ連解体後はロシア連邦の都市となった。

[三上正利]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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