Review - Hyobanki

Books that reviewed various things during the Edo period. They date back to 1624 (Kan'ei 1) when prostitutes and red-light districts were introduced and criticized in books such as "Tsuyudono Monogatari" and "Yorijuni no Mime Arasoi." Following this example, other books on actors were published, such as "Yakusha no Uwasa" (1656), "Yarou Mushi" (1659), and "Muki Tokoro" (1662). At first, reviews were based on appearance, but with the participation of Hachimonjiya, reviews based on the actor's skill began to take hold, starting with "Yakusha Kuchija Misen" (1699). For 200 years, up until the Meiji period, the basic format was three volumes of horizontal scrolls on half-sized paper, and the publications were published twice a year in January and March, with reviews from the three major cities of Kyoto, Edo, and Osaka. It was the longest-running periodical in history, and was a familiar and practical book to the people of the time. For this reason alone it was easy to produce variations, and in the late Edo period it left the realm of practical use and was adopted as a theme for comic works. Starting with the debate book commentary "Sengoku Dooshi" (1754), there was a succession of commentaries on people, literary works, and famous objects, including commentaries on comic works such as the kibyōbyoshi commentary "Kikujusou" (1781), "Okame Hachimoku" (1782), "Edo Miyage" (1784), and the sharebon commentary "Gisaku Hyoban Hana no Origami" (1802), as well as commentaries on scholars such as "Mitsuto Gakushi Hyōrin," the kyōka poet commentary "Hyōban Fude Kaho" (1785), and the reading book commentary "Ken'i Hyoban Ki" (1818).

[Mitsutoshi Nakano]

"Compilation of Edo Specialties Review Records" edited by Mitsutoshi Nakano (1987, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代、いろいろな事物を評判した書物。古くは1624年（寛永1）刊の『つゆ殿物語』『四十二のみめあらそひ』などの遊女や遊里の紹介、批評を載せた遊女評判記に始まる。これに倣って『役者の噂(うわさ)』（1656）、『野郎虫(やろうむし)』（1659）、『剥野老(むきところ)』（1662）といった役者評判記が刊行され、初めは容姿本位の評判であったのが、八文字屋(はちもんじや)の参画により『役者口三味線(くちじゃみせん)』（1699）からは技芸本位の評判が定着するようになった。以来明治に至るまで200年の長きにわたり毎年、基本型は半紙半截(はんせつ)の横本3冊に、京、江戸、大坂三都の評判を収め、正月と3月の年2回定期的に刊行され続けた。いわば、史上最長の定期刊行物といえ、当時の人々にとってなじみの深い実用書であった。それだけに、バリエーションを生み出しやすく、江戸後期には実用の域を離れ、戯作(げさく)の一趣向として採用されて、談義本評判記『千石篩(せんごくどおし)』（1754）を皮切りに黄表紙評判記『菊寿草』（1781）、『岡目八目(おかめはちもく)』（1782）、『江戸土産(みやげ)』（1784）、洒落本(しゃれぼん)評判記『戯作評判花折紙(けさくひょうばんはなのおりがみ)』（1802）といった戯作(げさく)評判記をはじめとして『三都学士評林』などの学者評判記、狂歌師評判『評判筆果報』（1785）、読本(よみほん)の評判記『犬夷(けんい)評判記』（1818）など人物、諸文芸、名物評判記が続々と刊行されることとなった。

［中野三敏］

『中野三敏編『江戸名物評判記集成』（1987・岩波書店）』

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