Nocturne (English spelling) nocturne English

Japanese: ノクターン - のくたーん(英語表記)nocturne 英語
Nocturne (English spelling) nocturne English

The title of a Romantic piece of music with a meditative atmosphere reminiscent of the night. It is mainly used for piano pieces and can also be translated as nocturne. The first nocturne is said to be 19 pieces by John Field (1782-1837), which began to be published in 1912. In his works, the left hand plays a wide range of arpeggios with the newly introduced damper pedal, and the right hand sings a delicately decorated elegant melody like an Italian opera. This style is also found in Chopin's 21 works. However, Chopin added tension by inserting a dramatic part in the center, further enhancing the expressiveness of the piano. After Chopin, the popularity of nocturnes has not waned, and there are many examples, from French composers from Faure to Satie, Russian composers such as Tchaikovsky, and even Bartók. Examples of orchestral pieces include the seventh movement of Mendelssohn's incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream (1842) and Debussy's three-movement Nocturne (1897-99).

[Toshiko Sekine]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

夜を思わせる瞑想(めいそう)的な雰囲気をもつ、ロマン派の楽曲の表題。おもにピアノ曲で用いられ、夜想曲とも訳される。1912年から出版され始めたJ・フィールドJohn Field(1782―1837)の19曲が最初といわれる。彼の作品では、当時新しく登場したダンパー・ペダルの機能を利用して、左手が広い音域にわたる分散和音の伴奏型を奏し、その上で右手が、イタリア・オペラのように細やかに飾られた優雅な旋律を歌う。このような書法は、ショパンの21の作品にも当てはまる。しかし、ショパンは、中央に劇的な部分を挿入することによって緊張感を与え、ピアノの表現力をさらに高めた。ショパン以後も、フォーレからサティに至るフランスの作曲家、チャイコフスキーをはじめとするロシアの作曲家、さらにはバルトークまで、ノクターンの人気は衰えず、作品例も多い。なお、オーケストラ曲としては、メンデルスゾーンの付随音楽『真夏の夜の夢』(1842)の第七曲、ドビュッシーの三楽章よりなる『夜想曲(ノクチュルヌ)』(1897~99)などがある。

[関根敏子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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