…Copper cannot be extracted directly from chalcopyrite (sulfide ore). It is necessary to first obtain a mixture of copper sulfide and iron sulfide, which is then smelted to produce copper in two steps. At the end of the Bronze Age, the amount of oxide ore decreased, and it is thought that the processing stage of sulfide ore had begun. In the Roman period, a method was developed to obtain brass (calamine brass) by sealing copper and hemimorphite (hydrated zinc silicate ore, also known as calamine) powder in a crucible with charcoal and heating it. Since there was almost no gold production in Europe, the golden-colored calamine brass was treated as a valuable metal in place of gold, and it was used as brass coinage by Augustus, Tiberius, and Nero from around 30 BC to 137 AD. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Calamin Brass" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…黄銅鉱(硫化鉱)からは直接銅がとれず,まず硫化銅と硫化鉄の混合物であるかわを得,それをあらためて溶錬して銅にする2段の工程を経る必要があるが,青銅器時代末期には,酸化鉱が減少し,硫化鉱の処理の段階に入っていたものと考えられる。 ローマ時代には,銅と異極鉱(含水ケイ酸亜鉛鉱でカラミンcalamineともいう)の粉末を木炭とるつぼに密封して加熱し黄銅(シンチュウ,カラミンブラス)を得る方法が開発された。ヨーロッパには金の産出がほとんどなかったので,黄金色を呈したカラミンブラスは,金に代わる高価な金属としての取扱いを受け,前30年ころから後137年にかけ,アウグストゥス,ティベリウス,ネロらによって黄銅貨幣として流通させられている。… ※「カラミンブラス」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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