An ethnic group living in the central part of Nigeria, in the Niger and Kaduna river basins. They speak the Kwa language family of the Niger-Kongo family. Their population is estimated at about 1.1 million. They are divided into many regional groups, including the Beni, Zam, Batache, and Kede. Their main occupation is shifting cultivation of corn and sorghum, but the Kede engage in fishing and trade along the river. Guilds of blacksmiths, brasssmiths, and other craftsmen have developed, and their skills have been known since ancient times. In the early 19th century, the Fulbe conquered the old Nupe kingdom and established an Islamic empire. The kingdom was divided into decentralized feudal suzerainties (emirates) under the rule of a king called Etsu Nupe, and traditional political organizations were left intact in villages and other subordinate organizations, resulting in a completely dual political structure. Society was stratified into royalty, nobility, and commoners. Although most are Muslim, some rituals of ancestor worship and witchcraft are practiced. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ナイジェリア中央部,ニジェール川とカドゥナ川流域に居住する民族。言語は,ニジェール=コンゴ語派のクワ諸語に属する。人口約 110万と推定される。ベニ,ザム,バタチェ,ケデなど多数の地域集団に分れる。生業は主として移動耕作によるとうもろこし,ソーガムなどの栽培を行うが,ケデは川辺で漁業と交易を営む。鍛冶屋,真鍮工などの職人のギルドが発達し,その技量は古くより知られた。 19世紀初頭にはフルベ族がヌペ古王国を征服しイスラム帝国を築いた。王国は,エツ・ヌペと呼ばれる王の統治のもと,地方分権的な封建宗主国 (エミレート) に分れ,しかも伝統的政治組織をそのまま村などの下部組織に残し,政治的には完全な二重構造をとった。社会は王族,貴族,平民に階層化されていた。ほとんどがイスラム教徒であるが,祖先崇拝の儀礼も残されており,妖術も行われている。
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