Ethno-history

Japanese: エスノヒストリー(英語表記)ethno-history
Ethno-history
A research field that uses historical materials, documents, oral traditions, and so on, and applies what is known in history as historical criticism, while making full use of anthropological methodology, to reconstruct the historical events of a certain society or ethnic group. With the rise of nationalism in the early 20th century, the need for regional studies that were not traditionally the subject of history was called for, and this field emerged in the 1940s in the study of indigenous peoples of North and South America. In North America, the Indian Claims Act of 1946 allowed Indians to demand damages from the U.S. government, and both plaintiffs and defendants requested experts to investigate in order to prove their claims through documentary records, which led to the development of this field. Since then, it has been particularly successful in Latin American research. There are various approaches to this field, as the conditions, such as the historical situation, such as the colonization process, and the presence or absence of ancient documents, differ depending on the region in question, and the methodologies differ depending on the researcher (anthropologist, archaeologist, or historian).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
史料,文献,口頭伝承などを用い,歴史学でいう史料批判を加えながら,人類学的方法論を駆使して,ある社会・民族の歴史的事象の再構成を行う研究分野。 20世紀初頭のナショナリズム運動の高まりとともに,従来の歴史学の対象外であった地域研究の必要性が叫ばれ,南北アメリカ大陸の先住民研究において 1940年代に登場した。北米では 1946年,インディアン権利請求条例 Indian Claims Act発布によって,インディアンが合衆国政府に対して損害賠償を要求できるようになり,原告・被告双方が文書記録によって主張を立証するために専門家に調査を依頼したことから発展。その後は特に中南米研究において成果がみられる。対象地域によって,植民地化の過程などの歴史状況や古文書の有無など条件が異なり,また研究者 (人類学者,考古学者,あるいは歴史学者) によって方法論の相違があるため,さまざまなアプローチがみられる。

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