Approval - Ninka

Japanese: 認可 - にんか
Approval - Ninka

A type of administrative act that is a requirement for the effectiveness of legal acts. It is explained as an act that supplements the act of a third party to complete its legal effect. However, this is an academic term, and terms such as permission and approval are used interchangeably in positive law. Examples include permission to transfer farmland, approval of fares and fees for transportation businesses, and approval to establish public associations. An act performed without approval is invalid. In the case of academic permission, an act performed without approval is valid, but it is only punished. For example, even if a taxi business (so-called illegal taxi) is operated without approval, it can receive fares, but it is only punished. In contrast, the transfer of farmland is invalid even if the fee is paid, unless permission is obtained. Also, approval is only regulated from an administrative perspective, assuming that the legal act of a third party is effective, so an act that is invalid under private law is invalid even if approval is obtained, and an act that should be revoked can be revoked even if approval is obtained.

[Yasuhito Abe]

[Reference] | Permissions

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

行政行為の一種で、法律行為の効力要件となるもの。第三者の行為を補充してその法律上の効力を完成せしめる行為と説明されている。ただし、これは学問上の用語であって、実定法上は許可、認可などの用語が混用されている。農地の譲渡の許可、運送事業の運賃・料金の認可、公共組合の設立の認可などがそうである。認可を受けないでした行為は無効である。学問上の許可の場合には、許可を受けないでした行為も処罰されるだけで、有効である。たとえば、許可を受けないでしたタクシー営業(いわゆる白タク)でも、処罰されるだけで、運賃を受け取ることができる。これに対して、農地の譲渡は、許可を受けないと代金を払っても無効になる。また、認可は第三者の法律行為の効力があることを前提として、行政的な観点から規制するだけであるから、私法上無効な行為は認可があっても無効であり、取り消しうべき行為は認可があっても取り消しうる。

[阿部泰隆]

[参照項目] | 許可

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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