...The Arabian Tales of the Thousand and One Nights contain the famous story of the "Open Sesame" automatic door, as well as stories of gardens with mechanical birds and dolls. The caliphs of Baghdad actually had such automaton gardens. Meanwhile, in the notable cities of Medieval Europe, most town halls and church towers were equipped with large mechanical clocks, which always had automatons called "jaquemarts" appearing to strike the bells, and statues of saints appeared in the windows, life-sized beauties dancing, and male and female dolls parading. There is a story that the Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci created an automatic artificial lion, but in early modern Europe it became popular to create artificial gardens with automatic devices. In the 17th century, against the backdrop of the growth of mechanical clocks and precision crafts, experiments began to create automatic "singing birds" and "dancing dolls," and in the 18th century, the French mechanical engineer Vaucanson and the Swiss mechanical doll makers Jaquet-Droze and his son appeared. *Some of the terminology that mentions "jaquemart" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…つづいてアラビアの《千夜一夜物語》には,名高い〈開けゴマ〉の自動扉の話をはじめ,機械仕掛けの鳥や人形を仕組んだ庭園の話があるが,バグダードのカリフたちは,そうした自動人形庭園を実際に所有していた。いっぽう中世ヨーロッパのめぼしい都市には,ほとんどの市庁舎や教会の塔に大がかりな機械時計がそなえつけられ,その時計にはかならず〈ジャクマールjaquemart〉と呼ばれる自動人形が出てきて鐘を打ち,さらに聖人の像が窓にあらわれ,等身大の美女が舞踏したり,男女の人形が行列したりする。ルネサンスの天才レオナルド・ダ・ビンチが自動仕掛けの人工ライオンをつくったという話があるが,近世ヨーロッパでは自動装置の人工庭園をつくることが流行し,やがて17世紀には機械時計や精密工芸の成長を背景に,自動仕掛けの〈鳴く鳥〉や〈ダンス人形〉をつくる実験がはじまり,18世紀になるとフランスの機械技術者ボーカンソンやスイスの機械人形師ジャケ・ドローズ父子が登場する。… ※「jaquemart」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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