Japanese sake - Nihonshu

Japanese: 日本酒 - にほんしゅ
Japanese sake - Nihonshu

Nutrition and Function


Sake is made by adding koji to rice to turn it into sugar and then fermenting it with yeast. It is a traditional alcoholic beverage of the Japanese people, whose staple food is rice.
In recent years, domestic consumption of sake has been declining due to the popularity of other alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine, but in countries such as the United States, its popularity is increasing along with the spread of Japanese food. Ginjoshu in particular is highly regarded for its delicate flavor.
Sumo wrestlers are known for their radiant skin, which is said to be due to the fact that they exercise sufficiently, eat a nutritious diet, and also drink a lot of sake on a regular basis.
○Nutritional Effects Sake contains more amino acids, peptides, acids and other nutrients that activate bodily functions than other alcoholic beverages.
These actions promote blood circulation, warm the body, activate metabolism, and improve the complexion and lustre of the skin.
The low liver cancer mortality rate in the Tohoku region, where sake consumption is high, is said to be due to the anti-cancer effects of sake.
In addition, it contains angiotensin-converting inhibitor enzymes that suppress increases in blood pressure, and is also known to increase good cholesterol, so it is expected to improve symptoms such as high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and arteriosclerosis.
Things to be aware of: Sake is an alcoholic beverage. Drinking too much can actually put a strain on your liver.

Cooking tips:


The alcohol content of raw sake is the highest of any brewed alcoholic beverage in the world, at 22-23%.
For this reason, commercially available sake is generally diluted with water to about 15% alcohol. In the past, there was a grading system of first and second grades, but this has now been abolished and sake is now divided into various types based on the ingredients and manufacturing method.
For example, there is Junmaishu, which uses only rice, koji and water as ingredients, and Honjozo, which adds up to 10% of the total weight of sake alcohol to the rice used.
Ginjo sake, which has become popular recently, is made by fermenting highly polished rice at low temperatures for a long period of time, and is characterized by its fruity aroma.
The sake meter value and acidity displayed on the bottle label are indicators of sweetness or dryness. The more negative the sake meter value, the sweeter the sake. The higher the acidity value, the drier the sake will taste.
The most common way to enjoy sake is to have one glass in the evening . If you want to warm it , make sure it is no hotter than 50 degrees, as it will ruin the flavor. For high-quality sake, keep it at body temperature to enjoy it better. Ginjo sake is best served chilled to bring out its delicate aroma.
Sake can also be used as a seasoning to improve flavor and soften ingredients. When using it as a seasoning, the trick is to add it at the beginning of cooking with firm ingredients like shellfish, squid, and chicken, but later with soft ingredients like white fish.
It is also effective in softening strong sour or salty flavors, and when sprinkled on cold, hard buckwheat noodles, it helps them break apart and enhances their aroma.

Source: Shogakukan Medical Museum of Food Information

Japanese:

《栄養と働き》


 米に麹(こうじ)を加えて糖化させ、それを酵母で発酵させてつくられる日本酒は、米を主食とする日本民族の伝統酒です。
 近ごろは、ビールやワインなど、他のアルコール類に押されて、国内での消費量は減っていますが、アメリカなどでは日本食の浸透とともに人気上昇中。とくに吟醸酒(ぎんじょうしゅ)は、その繊細な風味が高い評価を得ています。
 相撲(すもう)の力士は、肌の色つやがよいことで知られています。これは彼らが、十分な運動をしたうえで、栄養豊富な食事をしていることに加え、ふだんから日本酒を多く飲むことにも関連があるというのが定説とされています。
○栄養成分としての働き
 日本酒には、各種のアミノ酸やペプチド、酸といった身体機能の活性化にかかわる成分が、ほかのアルコール飲料よりも豊富に含まれています。
 これらの働きによって血行が促進され、体があたたまるとともに新陳代謝が活発になって、肌の色つやもよくなるというわけです。
 日本酒の消費量が多い東北地方で肝臓がんによる死亡率が低いのは、日本酒がもつ制がん作用によるものともいわれています。
 さらに、血圧の上昇を抑制するアンジオテンシン変換阻害酵素を含むほか、善玉コレステロールを増加させる効果も認められており、高血圧、脂質異常症、動脈硬化などの症状改善にも期待がもてます。
○注意すべきこと
 日本酒はアルコール飲料です。飲みすぎれば、逆に肝臓などに負担をかけます。

《調理のポイント》


 日本酒の原酒のアルコール度数は世界の醸造酒のなかでもっとも高く、22~23度にもなります。
 そのため、市販の日本酒は15度前後まで水で薄められたものが一般的。以前は1級、2級などの等級制度がありましたが現在は廃止され、原料や製法によっていろいろな種類にわけられます。
 たとえば、原料に米と麹と水しか使わない純米酒、原料米の総重量の10%以内の酒造用アルコールを添加した本醸造など。
 最近人気の高い吟醸酒は、とくに高度に精白した米を低温で長時間かけて発酵させたもので、フルーティーな香りが特徴です。
 ビンのラベルに示される日本酒度や酸度は、甘口・辛口の指標となる数字で、日本酒度はマイナス値が大きくなるほど甘口。酸度は、数値が大きいほど辛口に感じます。
 日本酒の楽しみ方といえば、晩酌(ばんしゃく)に1杯というのが一般的です。燗(かん)をつける場合、あまり熱くすると風味をそこなうので高くても50度程度、質のよいものはひと肌程度にとどめたほうが、おいしく味わえるでしょう。吟醸酒は冷やで飲んだほうが、繊細な香りを活かすことができます。
 また、日本酒は調味料として使っても、風味をよくしたり、素材をやわらかくするなどの効果を発揮します。調味料として使う場合、貝類、イカ、鶏肉などのように身の締まった素材のときは料理のはじめから、逆に白身魚のようにやわらかい素材なら、あとのほうで入れるのがコツです。
 このほか、強い酸味や塩味をやわらげるのにも有効ですし、冷えてかたまったそばに振りかけると、ほぐれやすくなり、香りも引き立ちます。

出典 小学館食の医学館について 情報

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