The assertion that values are relative, depending on each person's emotions, motivations, and beliefs. It is opposed to value absolutism or value objectivism, which holds that values or value standards such as goodness and justice exist objectively and can be recognized. It is also called value subjectivism. It has taken various forms since the ancient Greek Sophists, but in recent years, M. Weber, G. Radbruch, and H. Kelsen are well-known advocates of value relativism. This recent value relativism is primarily based on neo-Kantian method dualism, which clearly distinguishes between being and ought/value, but in reality it approaches the value-emotion theory. Radbruch and Kelsen also use value relativism to provide a theoretical foundation for democracy. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
価値は各人の感情,意欲,信念に依存する相対的なものであるとする主張。善,正義などの価値あるいは価値基準が客観的に実在し,認識されうるとする価値絶対主義ないし価値客観主義に対する。価値主観主義ともいう。古代ギリシアのソフィスト以来さまざまな形態をとってきたが,近年では,M.ウェーバー,G.ラートブルフ,H.ケルゼンらが名高い。この近年の価値相対主義は存在と当為・価値を峻別する新カント主義的な方法二元論に主たる基礎をおくが,実質的には価値情緒説に接近する。なお,ラートブルフやケルゼンは,価値相対主義によって民主制を理論的に基礎づけている。
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