...As a result, the Crusader states suffered for many years from a lack of population and a weak defense, which made it easier for the Islamic side to launch counterattacks. The princes who remained in the Holy Land founded the Kingdom of Jerusalem under the suzerain of Godefroy de Bouillon, who bore the title of "Protector of the Holy Sepulchre." In addition to the two counties mentioned above, they also controlled the County of Tripoli, which they occupied in 1109, and Transjordan, and completed the construction of an Eastern colonial state that used the ports on the eastern Mediterranean coast as a gateway to Western Europe. In the 12th century, however, the Islamic side began to fight back against the Zengid dynasty (1127-1222) of Mosul and Aleppo, and the Crusader states lost their northeastern and northern territories one after another. This shockwave led to the rise of the Crusaders in Western Europe, and in particular to the Second Crusade (1147-53), which was persuaded by Bernard, the abbot of Clervaux and the greatest religious figure of the time. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Godefroy de Bouillon" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…このため十字軍国家はその後永年にわたって人口不足と防衛力の劣弱さに悩まされ,イスラム側の反撃を容易にすることになった。聖地に踏みとどまった諸侯は〈聖墳墓守護者〉の称号を帯びたゴドフロア・ド・ブイヨンGodefroy de Bouillonを宗主とするエルサレム王国を創設し,その封建所領としての前記2侯伯領のほか,1109年占領のトリポリ伯領,トランスヨルダン領などを支配し,地中海東岸の諸港市を西欧との交流の窓口とする東方植民地国家を建設し終わった。 しかし12世紀を迎えると,イスラム側は,モースルとアレッポに拠るザンギー朝(1127‐1222)の反撃が始まり,十字軍国家の北東部,北部の喪失が相次ぎ,その衝撃とともに西欧において高揚を続けていた〈十字軍運動〉,とくにクレルボー修道院の院長で当代きっての宗教家ベルナールの勧説による第2回十字軍(1147‐53)の企てが実現した。… ※「Godefroy de Bouillon」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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