French inventor of photography. Born in Chalon-sur-Saône in Burgundy. After serving in the military, he and his brother, Claude Niépce (1763-1828), became obsessed with invention, and came up with the internal combustion engine, but none of them were practical. Inspired by lithography, he came up with the idea of automatically printing images from a camera obscura, and continued to research it. Around 1822, he took advantage of the property of high-quality asphalt, which easily dissolves in oil when exposed to light, and in the summer of 1826, he succeeded in the first ever photographic technique, heliography (Latin for "pictures drawn by the sun"). However, this method was not suitable for practical use, and in 1829, he agreed to collaborate on research with Daguerre in Paris, but he died before Daguerre completed the daguerreotype (silver plate photography). [Osamu Hiraki] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの写真術発明者。ブルゴーニュ地方のシャロン・シュル・ソーヌに生まれる。兵役に服したのち、兄のクロードClaude Niépce(1763―1828)と発明に凝り、内燃機関などを考案するが、いずれも実用に至らず、リトグラフ(石版画)にヒントを得て、カメラ・オブスキュラの像を自動的に製版することを思い付き、研究を重ねる。1822年ごろから、上質のアスファルトが光に当たると油に溶けやすくなる性質を利用して、1826年夏、史上初の写真術「ヘリオグラフィ」heliographie(「太陽の描く絵」の意のラテン語)に成功。しかし、この方法は実用には適さず、1829年パリのダゲールと研究の提携を約したが、ダゲールのダゲレオタイプ(銀板写真)完成を待たずに没した。 [平木 収] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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