Chemical formula: (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH. Also known as isopropanol or 2-propanol. It is synthesized from propylene and sulfuric acid, and is also produced by fermenting molasses. Industrially, it is produced from propylene separated from petroleum decomposition gas. It is a flammable, colorless, volatile liquid with a boiling point of 82°C. It dissolves in water and forms an azeotrope with water. It dissolves in many organic solvents. It is easily converted to acetone by oxidation, so it is used as a raw material for synthesizing acetone. It is widely used as an isopropylating agent, antifreeze agent, and solvent, as well as a weak reducing agent for analysis and a solvent for nonaqueous solvent titration. It is listed in the Pharmacopoeia as a drug. It has a bactericidal effect by denaturing proteins and lipids, and is twice as effective as ethanol as a disinfectant. It is not used internally because of its nonselective action, but is used to disinfect skin and surgical instruments and as a solvent for cosmetics. As a disinfectant, it is said to be ineffective against spore-producing bacteria such as tetanus and anthrax. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
化学式 (CH3)2CHOH 。イソプロパノール,2-プロパノールともいう。プロピレンと硫酸から合成するほか,糖蜜の発酵によっても生成する。工業的には石油分解ガスから分離したプロピレンを原料として生産される。引火性のある無色揮発性液体で,沸点 82℃。水に溶け,また水と共沸混合物をつくる。多くの有機溶媒に溶ける。酸化によって容易にアセトンに変るので,アセトンの合成原料として用いられる。イソプロピル化剤,凍結防止剤や溶剤などにも多く使われるほか,分析用の弱い還元剤,非水溶媒滴定の溶剤などにも使われる。医薬品として薬局方に収載される。蛋白質,リポイドの変性を起す作用によって殺菌効果を示し,消毒薬としてエタノールの2倍の効力をもつ。作用非選択性のため内用には用いられず,皮膚,手術器具の消毒や化粧品の溶剤に利用される。消毒薬としては,破傷風菌や炭疽菌のような芽胞産生菌には無効といわれる。
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