Röhm, Ernst Julius

Japanese: レーム(英語表記)Röhm, Ernst Julius
Röhm, Ernst Julius
Born: November 28, 1887 in Munich
Died July 1, 1934. An early Nazi Party leader in Germany near Munich. Joined the army in 1906. Promoted to captain during World War I. Helped found the German Workers Party (renamed the National Socialist German Workers Party in 1920). Organized the SA (Sturmgeschütz) in 1921, participated in the Munich Putsch in 1923, and was imprisoned for a short time. Clashed with A. Hitler in 1925, who tried to shift the group's activities to legal ones, resigned as SA leader, and took command of the Bolivian government army. At Hitler's request in 1930, he returned to the SA and worked to reorganize it, and contributed to the Nazi Party's advance from 1930 to 1933 by using violence against left-wing forces. After Hitler came to power in 1933, he compromised with the capitalists and made deals with the leaders of the Wehrmacht, which caused discontent within the left wing of the party and the SA. On June 30, 1934, Röhm and others were arrested on charges of plotting a rebellion, and the following day they were shot without trial. This purge, known as the "Night of the Long Knives," put an end to other conflicts and stabilized Hitler's power.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1887.11.28. ミュンヘン
[没]1934.7.1. ミュンヘン近郊
ドイツの初期ナチス党幹部。 1906年陸軍に入隊。第1次世界大戦中に大尉に昇進。 19年ドイツ労働者党 (1920年,国家社会主義ドイツ労働者党と改称) の創立に加わった。 21年SA (ナチス突撃隊) を組織,23年ミュンヘン一揆に参加,短期間入獄した。 25年合法活動に方針転換をはかろうとする A.ヒトラーと対立,SA隊長を辞任,ボリビア政府軍の指導にあたった。 30年ヒトラーの要請で SAに戻りその再編成に従事,30~33年のナチス党の進出には左翼勢力に対する暴力手段をもって貢献した。 33年ヒトラーの政権掌握後ヒトラーが資本家と妥協し,国防軍首脳と取引したことなどから,党内左派および SAに不満が起ったため,34年6月 30日レームらは反乱を企てたという名目で逮捕され,翌日裁判なしで銃殺された。この「長いナイフの夜」の粛清によって他の対立抗争にも決着がつけられ,ヒトラーの権力は安定した。

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