Niimiso - Niiminosho

One of the manors under Toji Temple. It occupied a vast area in the northern part of present-day Niimi City, Okayama Prefecture. It is said to have been developed by Onakatomi Takamasa in the late Heian period, who donated it to Ozuki Takamoto, who in turn donated it to his consort Kenshunmon'in, and to Saishokoin, whose original patronage was Emperor Takakura, built by Emperor Goshirakawa. Thus, the manor became a manor with Saishokoin as the honjo and the Ozuki clan, a government official family, as the lord, but in the mid-to-late Kamakura period, it was divided into two parts. In January of 1325 (Shochu 2), Emperor Godaigo donated Saishoko-in Temple, which at that time had hardly functioned as a temple for the imperial family, to Toji Temple. Thus, Toji Temple became the head temple of the manor. The lord's position was also donated to Toji Temple in 1330 (Gentoku 2), and Niimi Manor became Toji's territory. Throughout the Nanboku-cho period, there was fierce debate between the previous lord, the Otsuki clan, and Toji Temple, but in 1390 (Genchu ​​7, Meitoku 1), the two parties reached a settlement and the manor became completely Toji's territory. During the Muromachi period, the daikan-uke system was used, but taxes were not always paid smoothly. Due to the demands of peasants who disliked the rule of the samurai daikan, in 1461 (Kansho 2), Toji Temple came under direct control. However, during the Sengoku period, like other manors, it gradually lost control of Toji Temple.

[Ueshima Yu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

東寺(とうじ)領荘園の一つ。現在の岡山県新見市の北部に広大な地域を占めていた。平安末期、大中臣孝正(おおなかとみのたかまさ)が開発した所といわれ、孝正はこれを小槻隆職(おづきのたかもと)に寄進、隆職はさらに、後白河(ごしらかわ)法皇の建立で、その女御(にょうご)建春門院(けんしゅんもんいん)および高倉(たかくら)天皇を本願とする最勝光院(さいしょうこういん)に寄進した。かくして当荘は最勝光院を本所(ほんじょ)、官務家小槻氏を領家とする荘園となったが、鎌倉中末期ごろ下地中分(したじちゅうぶん)が行われた。1325年（正中2）正月、後醍醐(ごだいご)天皇は、そのころほとんど皇室の御願寺(ごがんじ)としての体をなさなくなった最勝光院を東寺に寄進。ここに当荘は東寺を本所とすることとなった。領家職も1330年（元徳2）永代東寺に寄進され、新見荘は一円東寺領となった。南北朝期を通じて前の領家小槻氏と東寺の間には激しい相論が繰り広げられたが、1390年（元中7・明徳1）両者の間に和解が成立、ここに完全な東寺領荘園となった。室町時代には代官請(だいかんうけ)が行われたが、年貢はかならずしも順調には上納されず、武家代官の支配を嫌う百姓の要求もあって、1461年（寛正2）には東寺の直接支配が成立した。しかし、戦国時代になると他の荘園と同様、漸次東寺の支配を離れていった。

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