Employee stock ownership plan - Employees' holding system

Japanese: 従業員持株制度 - じゅうぎょういんもちかぶせいど(英語表記)employees' holding system
Employee stock ownership plan - Employees' holding system

An internal system where a company encourages employees to own company stock. Specifically, (1) an employee stock ownership plan is established as a permanent institution that manages and operates the plan, (2) the company provides incentives as part of employee benefits, (3) employees contribute a certain amount of funds by deducting their salaries and bonuses, and (4) the stock ownership plan jointly purchases company stock on an ongoing basis and manages the shares allocated to employees.

For companies, the enhanced employee benefits system is expected to increase employee motivation and a sense of participation in management, and to have the effect of retaining employees. It can also lead to the securing of stable shareholders, and is widely adopted not only by listed companies but also by unlisted companies.

For employees, it provides an effective means of asset formation. First, a certain amount of contributions is automatically deducted from salary and bonuses and used to purchase company stock, so employees can enjoy the benefits of dollar-cost averaging without any difficulty. In addition, the fact that incentives are given for contributions is attractive, especially in an era of low interest rates. Also, since you can purchase shares without being tied to a unit share, it has the effect of accelerating the increase in the number of shares you hold in the long term without waste. Joining a stock ownership plan is optional, and you can suspend your contributions (in which case you will still be paid dividends), and once you reach the unit share number, you can transfer your shares from the stock ownership plan to your own securities account and sell them. However, there is usually a limit on the monthly contribution amount, and once you leave the stock ownership plan, you will not be allowed to rejoin. Furthermore, since the company stock handled by the employee stock ownership plan is not in the individual's name, you cannot receive shareholder benefits.

On the other hand, because stock ownership plans only purchase company stock, the benefits of diversification are not realized. Furthermore, by being involved with the company through stock ownership in addition to salary, employees become more dependent on the company in terms of both income and assets, and therefore run the risk of suffering double damage if a downturn in business performance leads to a cut in salary or a drop in the stock price.

Stock compensation plans similar to employee stock ownership plans include stock options and employee stock-based stock benefit trusts. Both are widely used due to their recognized benefits of increasing employee incentives and contributing to asset formation.

An employee stock ownership plan is a system in which the funds deducted from the salaries and bonuses of participating employees are pooled together to purchase company stock each month. In contrast, with an employee stock ownership type stock benefit trust, the trust borrows money with the company's debt guarantee and purchases all the shares that the employee stock ownership plan plans to acquire over a certain period of time in a lump sum. After that, the employee stock ownership plan generally purchases shares from the trust each month according to the contributions of participating employees.

[Gen Takahashi December 14, 2021]

[Reference item] | Stock benefit trust | Stock option system

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

会社が従業員に対して自社株の保有を促す社内制度。具体的には、(1)制度の運営管理を行う常設機関である従業員持株会を設立し、(2)福利厚生の一環として会社は奨励金を与え、(3)従業員は給与や賞与からの天引きにより一定の資金を拠出し、(4)持株会は継続的に自社株を共同購入して従業員に配分される持分を管理する、という仕組みである。

 会社にとっては、福利厚生の充実化を通じて従業員のモチベーションや経営参加意識を高め、人材を会社につなぎ止める効果も期待される。安定株主の確保につながることもあり、上場企業のみならず非上場企業においても、広く導入されている。

 従業員にとっては、有効な資産形成手段が提供される。まず、拠出金は自動的に給与や賞与から一定額が差し引かれ、自社株の購入にあてられるから、無理なくドル・コスト平均法のメリットを享受しうる。加えて、拠出金に対して奨励金が付与されることは、とくに低金利時代には魅力的である。また、単元株に縛られずに購入できるため、むだなく長期的な保有株式数の増加を加速させる効果がある。持株会への加入は任意であり、積立てを休止することも可能であるし(その場合も配当金は支払われる)、単元株に達すれば持株会から自分の証券口座に移して売却することもできる。ただし、通常毎月の積立額には上限が設けられるほか、いったん持株会を退会すると再加入は認められない。さらに、従業員持株会で扱う自社株は個々の名義ではないから、株主優待を受けることはできない。

 一方、持株会で購入するのは自社株のみであるため、分散投資の効果は発揮されない。さらに、従業員は、給与に加えて持株でも会社と関わることで、収入と資産の両面で会社への依存度を高める結果、もし業績悪化などにより給与引下げや株価下落が惹起(じゃっき)されれば二重にダメージを被るリスクを負う。

 従業員持株制度に類似した自社株報酬制度には、ストックオプションや従業員持株型の株式給付信託などがあり、いずれも従業員のインセンティブ(誘因)を高め、資産形成に資するなどのメリットが認識され、広く普及している。

 なお、従業員持株制度は、加入する従業員の給与・賞与から天引きされた資金をまとめて、毎月自社株を買い付ける仕組みである。これに対して、従業員持株型の株式給付信託では、企業の債務保証を得て信託が借入れを行い、従業員持株会が今後一定の期間内に取得する予定の株式を一括購入する。その後、従業員持株会は、加入する従業員の拠出金に応じて、毎月信託から株式を購入していく仕組みが一般的である。

[高橋 元 2021年12月14日]

[参照項目] | 株式給付信託 | ストックオプション制

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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