Nanning

A prefecture-level city in the southern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China, and the capital of the region. It is located on the Yongjiang River in the upper reaches of the Pearl River system. It consists of seven city districts, including Yongning and Wuming, and has jurisdiction over five counties, including Binyang (as of 2016). It has a population of 7,297,000 (2014). It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of the autonomous region, and is well connected by water and road transport, with the Xianggui Line (Hengyang-Pingxiang), Nanfang Line (Nanning-Fangchenggang), and Nankun Line (Nanning-Kunming). Nanning Wuwei International Airport is located about 30 kilometers southwest of the city center. It was established in the Han dynasty as a transportation and military base for southern China, particularly the Indochina Peninsula, with Jinxing County established in the Jin dynasty, Xuanhua County established in the Sui dynasty, and Yongzhou established in the Tang dynasty. Nanning Prefecture was established in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and was renamed Yongning County after the Xinhai Revolution, before being separated and establishing Nanning City in 1949. It remains an important base for trade with Southeast Asia, and has been hosting the China-ASEAN Expo every year since 2004.

The city has developed on both banks of the Yongjiang River, with the Yongjiang Bridge spanning the center, connecting the north and south banks. Chaoyang Road, which stretches from the north bank to Nanning Station, is the downtown area, and is lined with the China Civil Airlines office, bus terminal, theaters, hotels, department stores, and more. The industrial district extends to the south bank, and a wide range of industries are developed, including mechanical industries such as steelmaking, metallurgy, shipbuilding, agricultural equipment, and automobiles, precision industries such as electronics and watches, and the chemical industry, including pharmaceuticals and chemical fertilizers, as well as textiles, food, and building materials. There are also Guangxi University, colleges such as medicine, and the Guangxi Museum, which is famous for its collection of bronze drums. A scenic spot known is Nanhu Lake, the remains of an old riverbed of the Yongjiang River.

[Aoki Chieko, Kono Michihiro, Editorial Department, August 21, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国南部、広西チワン族自治区南部の地級市で、同自治区の首府。珠江(しゅこう)水系上流部の邕江(ようこう)沿岸に位置する。邕寧(ようねい)、武鳴(ぶめい)など7市轄区からなり、賓陽(ひんよう)など5県を管轄下に置く（2016年時点）。人口729万7000（2014）。自治区の行政、経済、文化の中心であり、湘桂(しょうけい)線（衡陽(こうよう)―憑祥(ひょうしょう)）と南防線（南寧―防城港(ぼうじょうこう)）、南昆線（南寧―昆明(こんめい)）が通じ、水運、道路交通の便がよい。市中心部から南西約30キロメートルに南寧呉圩(ごきょ)国際空港がある。中国の南方、とくにインドシナ半島への交通・軍事基地として漢代から開け、晋(しん)代に晋興(しんこう)県、隋(ずい)代に宣化(せんか)県、唐代には邕州が置かれた。明(みん)・清(しん)代には南寧府が置かれ、辛亥(しんがい)革命後に邕寧県と改称され、1949年に分離して南寧市が設置された。現在も対東南アジア貿易の重要拠点で、2004年からは中国・ASEAN(アセアン)博覧会が毎年開催されている。

　市街は邕江の両岸に発達し、中央部に南北両岸を結ぶ邕江大橋が架けられている。北岸から南寧駅に延びる朝陽路が中心街で、中国民航営業所、バスターミナル、劇場、ホテル、デパートなどが並ぶ。工業地区は南岸に広がり、製鋼、冶金、造船、農機具、自動車などの機械工業、電子、時計などの精密工業、薬品、化学肥料などの化学工業のほか、紡織、食品、建築材料など多種の工業が発達している。また、広西大学をはじめ医学などの単科大学、銅鼓(どうこ)の収集で有名な広西博物館がある。名勝としては邕江の古い河床の跡である南湖が知られる。

［青木千枝子・河野通博・編集部　2017年8月21日］

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