Photochemical phenomena such as photography. In photophysical phenomena such as photoconduction, the phenomenon in which additives increase the photosensitivity in the intrinsic photosensitive region is called chemical sensitization, and such additives are called chemical sensitizers. In silver halide photography, silver halide grains are formed in an aqueous gelatin solution, and the emulsion is washed with water to remove ions, after which a chemical sensitizer is added and reacted. This forms chemical sensitization centers on the surface or inside the grains. Sulfur sensitization with sulfur compounds such as sodium thiosulfate forms silver sulfide molecular aggregates that act as photoelectron traps, and gold sensitization with chloroauric acid is thought to reduce the minimum size of the latent image that can be developed. These two are usually used in combination. Reduction sensitization with tin(II) chloride, hydrazine, etc. forms silver nuclei (thought to be Ag2 ). Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
写真作用のような光化学現象.光伝導のような光物性的現象において,添加物によって固有感光域における光感度を増大させる現象を化学増感といい,そのような添加物を化学増感剤という.ハロゲン化銀写真においては,ゼラチン水溶液中でハロゲン化銀粒子を形成し,この乳剤を水洗いしてイオンを除去した後,化学増感剤を添加して反応させる.これにより,粒子表面あるいは内部に化学増感中心が形成される.チオ硫酸ナトリウムなどの硫黄化合物による硫黄増感では,光電子トラップとなる硫化銀分子凝集体が形成され,塩化金酸などによる金増感では,現像可能となる最小の潜像サイズが小さくなると考えられている.この両者は通常併用される.塩化スズ(Ⅱ),ヒドラジンなどによる還元増感では,銀核(Ag2 と考えられている)が形成される. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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