The passage of a celestial body through the meridian due to its diurnal motion. However, because this term uses the character "south," it is appropriate for observers in the Northern Hemisphere to refer to a celestial body passing south of the zenith on the meridian, but some celestial bodies pass north of the zenith, and circumpolar stars pass twice above and below the North Celestial Pole, so it is not appropriate to use the term "summit" for "meridian passage." The same is true for observers in the Southern Hemisphere. In astronomy, the terms "meridian passage" or "median" are used. Some explanations state that the time when a celestial body's altitude is maximum (highest) is meridian (median), but this is not appropriate because theoretically or in reality, the maximum altitude is not necessarily reached at the meridian. [Naoaki Owaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
天体が日周運動により子午線を通過すること。ただし、この用語は「南」という文字を使っているので、地球北半球の観測者が、子午線上天頂より南の部分を天体が通過するのをいうのにはよいが、天体によっては天頂より北を通過したり、さらに周極星では天の北極の上方・下方を2回通過するので、「子午線通過」に「南中」という用語を用いるのは適切でない。南半球の観測者にとっても同様である。天文学では「子午線通過」または「正中(せいちゅう)」の用語を使う。なお、天体高度が極大(もっとも高く)となる時を南中(正中)とする説明もあるが、理論的にも実際にも正中の時に極大高度になるとは限らず、適当でない。 [大脇直明] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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