Southern Court - Nancho

During the Nanboku-cho period, the Daikakuji Imperial Court claimed legitimacy in Yoshino, Yamato Province, and other areas, in opposition to the Jimyoin Imperial Court, which was based in Kyoto. It was also called the Yoshino Court. It consisted of four generations: Go-Daigo, Go-Murakami, Chokei, and Go-Kameyama. When the Kenmu government collapsed in 1336 (Kenmu 3, Engen 1) due to the defection of Ashikaga brothers Takauji and Tadayoshi, Emperor Go-Daigo escaped from Kyoto with the Three Sacred Treasures and established the Southern Court. The Southern Court first gained the support of some warriors in southern Kinai, Kyushu, Kanto, and Oshu, and opposed the Northern Court and Ashikaga clan, recapturing Kyoto several times, but gradually lost ground, and in 1392 (Meitoku 3, Genchu ​​9), Emperor Go-Kameyama handed the Sacred Treasures over to Emperor Go-Komatsu of the Northern Court, and the Southern Court was effectively absorbed into the Northern Court. At this time, conditions were set out, such as the successor to the throne being to be produced alternately from each line, but these were not observed, and dissatisfied supporters of the former Southern Court sporadic small-scale uprisings occurred for a while (these are called the Later Southern Court). They were later recognized as legitimate by imperial decree of Emperor Meiji, and the emperors of the Southern Court are now counted in the number of successive emperors.

[Ichiro Nitta]

"History of the Northern and Southern Courts Period" by Yoshinari Tanaka (1979, Kodansha Academic Library)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

南北朝時代、京にあった持明院統(じみょういんとう)の北朝に対し、大和国吉野などに拠って正統を主張した大覚寺統の朝廷。吉野朝ともいう。後醍醐・後村上・長慶(ちょうけい)・後亀山の4代を数える。1336年（建武3・延元1）に足利尊氏・直義(ただよし)兄弟の離反によって建武政権が崩壊した際、後醍醐天皇は「三種の神器」を携えて京を脱出して南朝を建てた。南朝ははじめ畿内南部や九州・関東・奥州などの武士の一部の支持を得て北朝・足利氏に対抗し、前後数度にわたり京を奪還したが、次第に劣勢となり、1392年（明徳3・元中9）に後亀山天皇から北朝後小松天皇へ神器が渡されて、南朝は事実上北朝に吸収された。この際、両統から交互に皇位継承者を出すなどの条件が示されたが遵守されず、これを不満とした旧南朝支持勢力による小規模な蜂起がしばらく散発した（これを後南朝とよぶ）。のちに明治天皇の勅裁によって正統と認定され、現在は南朝の諸天皇が歴代数に算入されている。

［新田一郎］

『田中義成著『南北朝時代史』（1979・講談社学術文庫）』

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