Uccello - Uccello (English spelling)

Japanese: ウッチェロ - うっちぇろ(英語表記)Uccello
Uccello - Uccello (English spelling)

Italian painter and mosaicist of the early Renaissance. Uccello (bird) was his nickname, but his real name was Paolo di Dono, and he was born and died in Florence. He is particularly known as a researcher of perspective, and it is his unique and somewhat exaggerated use of perspective that makes him one of the most famous Italian painters of the 15th century. He started out as an assistant in the sculptor Ghiberti's workshop, and after training there (1407-14/15), he went to Venice in 1425 to work on mosaics at St. Mark's Basilica. He returned to Florence in early 1431 and aimed to create decorative and realistic paintings, taking as his cue the results of research into perspective and anatomy shown in the work of pioneers of the era such as the architect Brunelleschi, the sculptor Donatello, and the painter Masaccio. Although Uccello never fully realised his intentions, the fresco "The Flood" and other series (1431-50, Santa Maria Novella, Florence) that he started after returning from Venice are considered to be examples of his bold endeavours. The composition and figures of this large-scale work clearly show the techniques he had accumulated up to that point. Around this time, he created "John Hawkwood, Captain" (1436, Florence Cathedral), which, as an alternative to the marble equestrian statue, shows his efforts in creating a visual effect. Uccello's masterpiece, the "Battle of San Romano" triptych (1455-60, National Gallery, London, Louvre, Uffizi), was started five years later than the large-scale works "The Flood" and others. In these works, the detailed depiction of the horse and man in the foreground, arranged in perspective, and the fantastical background are particularly eye-catching, and this combination enhances the surrealistic effect. In 1865, he went to Urbino, and his "Hunting Scene" (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford), which he painted in his later years, is considered to be part of the interior decoration commissioned by Lord Federigo at that time. This attractive painting shows excellent results, such as accurate depiction of people and animals, and spatial expression based on perspective.

[Katsuya Hamatani]

[References] | Ghiberti | Florentine School

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの初期ルネサンスの画家兼モザイク師。ウッチェロ(鳥の意)は通称で、本名をパオロ・ディ・ドーノPaolo di Donoといい、フィレンツェに生まれ、同地に没した。彼はとくに透視画法の研究者としてよく知られており、イタリア15世紀の著名画家の一人にあげられるのは、独自のやや誇張された透視画法の運用によるといえる。彫刻家ギベルティの工房の助手から出発するが、ここでの修業(1407~14/15)を経て、1425年ベネチアに赴き、サン・マルコ大聖堂でモザイクの制作に従事した。31年初頭フィレンツェに帰り、建築家ブルネレスキ、彫刻家ドナテッロあるいは画家マサッチョといったこの時代の先駆者たちの業績に示された透視画法や解剖学の研究成果を手掛りとして、装飾的かつ写実的な絵画表現を意図していた。その意図が完全に実現されたとはいえないが、彼の大胆な試みの事例とされるのが、ベネチアから帰って着手したフレスコ画『洪水』そのほかの連作(1431~50、フィレンツェ、サンタ・マリア・ノベッラ聖堂)である。この大作の構図および人物像には、それまでに蓄積された彼の手法が端的に示されている。これと前後して『傭兵(ようへい)隊長ジョン・ホークウッド騎馬像』(1436、フィレンツェ大聖堂)を制作するが、大理石騎馬像にかわるものとして、視覚的な効果に苦心の跡をとどめている。ウッチェロの代表作『サン・ロマーノの戦闘図』の三部作(1455~60、ロンドン・ナショナル・ギャラリー、ルーブル美術館、ウフィツィ美術館)は、前記『洪水』などの大作より5年遅れて着手された。これらの作品では透視画法的に整えられた前景の人馬の細部描写と幻想的な背景が、とくに人目をひくが、この組合せによって超現実的な表現効果が強められている。65年にはウルビーノに赴くが、晩年の『狩猟図』(オックスフォード、アシュモリアン美術館)はそのおりに領主フェデリゴから委嘱された室内装飾の一部とみなされている。この魅力ある画面には人物、動物の的確な描写、透視画法に則した空間表現など優れた成果が示されている。

[濱谷勝也]

[参照項目] | ギベルティ | フィレンツェ派

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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