The safe landing of a spacecraft such as an artificial satellite, spacecraft, or unmanned probe on the Earth, Moon, or other celestial body. A term used in contrast to a hard landing in the case of a hard impact. For a soft landing on the atmosphereless Moon or Mars, retrorockets are used to slow the craft down, but on planets with an atmosphere such as Earth and Venus, a parachute can be used. The first successful soft landing on the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 9, launched in January 1966. The first American successful soft landing was the Surveyor 1, launched in May 1966. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
人工衛星や宇宙船,無人探査機などの宇宙機が,地球や月,その他の天体上に安全に着陸すること。激突する場合の硬着陸に対する語。大気のない月や火星に軟着陸するには,逆推進ロケットを噴射して減速するが,地球や金星など大気がある場合は,パラシュートを使うことができる。史上初めて月への軟着陸に成功したのは,1966年1月打上げのソ連のルナ9号。アメリカでは 66年5月のサーベイヤ1号が初めて成功した。
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