Learning - learning

Japanese: 学 - まねぶ

[1] (Ta-ba-4) ① To imitate exactly what someone else said or the tone of their speech. To speak by imitating. ※Ryōiki (810-824), Vol . 1: “To pronounce words in a distorted way and in a similar way. (Kōfuku-ji Honkunshaku Kō Banjihi) ② To tell others exactly what one has seen or heard. ※Ochikubo (late 10th century), Vol. 2: “Because one is not like other people, and is not like the people of the world, there is no one who can imitate one like him. Please do not imitate such things.” ③ To imitate by using someone as an example. To follow. To learn. ※Tōdai-ji Fuchūmon, early Heian period (c. 830): “When I saw something good, I thought I would learn from the Yin .” ④ To receive instruction and acquire knowledge, arts, etc. To learn. To follow. ※Genji (around 1001-14) Otome: “Even if I try to imitate the way you walk, I cannot sleep, and there are many places I cannot reach.” [2] [Others, upper 2] Same as (1). ※Ryōjin Hishō (around 1179) 2: “Even in the midst of play, I will imitate you to the forefront , and until I have paid my future sins, I will make a connection with the Lotus Sutra.” [Essay] (1) It has the same origin as manabu, but the order is unclear. Manabu was conjugated in the upper 2-step conjugation in the early Heian period and in the 4-step conjugation from the middle period onwards, so perhaps manebu was also conjugated in the upper 2-step conjugation in ancient times. Therefore, the examples of the conjunctive form in (1) may be (2).
(2) Manabu is often used in Chinese readings and manebu is often used in Japanese writing. Most examples of manebu are to imitate or to copy an event exactly as it is, and the meaning of receiving instruction or studying is much less common than manabu. Therefore, when maneru, which means imitation, came to be widely used, manebu was withdrawn from colloquial speech and came to be considered as an elegant form of manabu.

Learn

[1] (Ta-ba 5 (4)) (Same origin as "manebu (learn)") ① To follow in the same manner. To do by imitating. ※Makura (end of the 10th century) 40 "It is pitiful to study the sound of rain in May." ② To receive instruction. To learn. ※Genji (c. 1001-14) Hashihime "I have expounded upon the profound thoughts of the things I have learned over the years." ③ To study. To master the principles of things. ※Agura Nabe (1871-72)〈Kanagaki Robun〉 2 "Because it is embarrassing to study Yebisu while receiving white hair." [2] (Ta-ba 1 2) (Mainly found in Chinese readings) ① Same as (1) ①. ※Meigoki (1275) 5 "To learn and imitate the work of others" ② (1) Same as ②. ※Jizo Jyurinkyo Gangkei 7th Year Academic Notes (883) "It is said that if one studies with even a thin thread of error, there will be a difference in the quality of the paint." ③ (1) Same as ③. ※Shoki (720) Bidatsu 1st Year May ( Maeda Honin) " If you did not love learning" [Etymology] → Etymology of "Imitate (study)"

Gaku [study]

〘noun〙① To learn. To receive teachings. Also, knowledge acquired through study. Learning. ※Shoku Nihongi - Yoro 2nd year (718), October Kogo, " _Under _{the two} natures _{, all} rise _{_{to study}} ." ※Until after the equinox (1912)〈Natsume Soseki 〉After the bath "When learned people hear stories that sound like complete lies."〔Confucius Analects - Learning〕② A system of knowledge organized according to certain principles. ※Physics and Senses (1917)〈Terada Torahiko〉"If learning is something that is difficult to establish without some assumptions, then..."③ Buddhist term. To study the three studies of precepts, concentration , wisdom . It refers to having learning . Of the four directions and four results, it is the third of the four directions, and the last result of arhathood is called ignorance.〔Mahaprajnaparamita-ron - 18〕

Learning

〘noun〙 (the noun form of the verb "manabu (to learn)") 1. To imitate. ※Heiji (around 1220), Vol. 1 "I have spoken unreservedly of my learning." 2. To imitate. To do something merely as a formality, not as a formality. ※Joruri, Gara Sendaihagi (1785), Vol. 8 "A small token of my learning, carrying a pottery vessel on three sides." 3. To train. To practice. ※Nippo Jisho (1603-04), "Zen no manabiuo (to learn) ." 4. To learn. ※Kodo Taii (1813), Vol. 1 "There are also those who study casually and recommend it to others."

gaku-su [study]

〘Tasahen〙 To learn. ※Konjaku (around 1120) 3 "Also, as a monk, he studied the law with many disciples, and thus attained his present path." ※Masukagami (around 1368-76) 12 "He was allowed to practice esoteric Buddhism."

Manebi [study]

(Noun) (The noun derived from the conjunctive form of the verb "manebu (to study)") To imitate. To imitate and say something. ※Todaiji Temple recitation text, early Heian period (around 830) "The sparrows of Kantan imitate the behavior of the parrot . "

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘他バ四〙① 他の者の言ったことやその口調をそっくりまねて言う。口まねして言う。※霊異記（810‐824）上「音(こゑ)を訛(よこなま)りて效(マネビ)読む。〈興福寺本訓釈効万爾比〉」② 見たり聞いたりしたことを、そっくり人に語り伝える。※落窪（１０Ｃ後）二「世の人に似ず、よをみんにもあらねば、さの給ふ人もあらじ。かかる事なまねび給ひそ」③ 手本にしてまねる。ならう。まなぶ。※東大寺諷誦文平安初期点（830頃）「善を見ては殷を学(マネ)ばむと念ひ」④ 学問や技芸などを、教えを受けて身につける。まなぶ。ならう。※源氏（1001‐14頃）乙女「ふみのざえをまねぶにも、〈略〉ねたえずおよばぬ所のおほくなむ侍ける」[2] 〘他バ上二〙 (一)に同じ。※梁塵秘抄（1179頃）二「戯れ遊びの中にしも、尖(さき)らにまねびん人をして、未来の罪を尽くすまで、法華に縁をば結ばせん」[語誌](1)マナブと同源であるが、その前後は不明。マナブが平安初期には上二段、中期以後四段に活用したので、マネブも古くは上二段に活用したか。したがって、(一)における連用形の例などは、(二)の可能性もある。
(2)マナブは漢文訓読文、マネブは和文にそれぞれ多く用いられており、マネブの使用例の多くは口まねする、あるできごとをその通りに模倣するの意で、教えを受ける・学問するといった意味あいはマナブにくらべるとずっと少ない。そのため模倣を意味するマネルが広く用いられるようになると、マネブは口頭語から退いてマナブの雅語のように意識されるに至る。

まな・ぶ【学】

[1] 〘他バ五（四）〙 (「まねぶ（学）」と同源)① ならって行なう。まねてする。※枕（１０Ｃ終）四〇「五月に雨の声をまなぶらんもあはれなり」② 教えを受ける。習う。※源氏（1001‐14頃）橋姫「年ごろまなびしり給へる事どもの深き心を説き聞かせたてまつり」③ 学問をする。物事の理を修めきわめる。※安愚楽鍋（1871‐72）〈仮名垣魯文〉二「白髪をいただきながらヱビシをまなぶもはづかしいゆゑ」[2] 〘他バ上二〙 (主として漢文訓読体に見られる)① (一)①に同じ。※名語記（1275）五「人のしわざをまなぶる、まね」② (一)②に同じ。※地蔵十輪経元慶七年点（883）「繊毫も錯(あやま)ちて学(マナ)びては升墜の異塗ありといへり」③ (一)③に同じ。※書紀（720）敏達元年五月（前田本訓）「汝若し学(おマナフル)ことを愛(この)まざらましかば」[語誌]→「まねぶ（学）」の語誌

がく【学】

〘名〙① まなぶこと。教えを受けること。また、勉強して得た知識。学問。※続日本紀‐養老二年（718）一〇月庚午「冝_下随_二性分_一皆令_上レ就_レ学」※彼岸過迄（1912）〈夏目漱石〉風呂の後「学(ガク)のあるものが聞きあ全く嘘のやうな話さね」〔論語‐学而〕② ある原理に従って組織された知識の体系。※物理学と感覚（1917）〈寺田寅彦〉「元来何物かの仮定なしに学が成立し難いものとすれば」③ 仏語。戒定慧(かいじょうえ)の三学を学修すること。有学(うがく)のこと。四向四果のうちの四向三果で、最後の阿羅漢果を無学という。〔大智度論‐一八〕

まなび【学】

〘名〙 (動詞「まなぶ（学）」の連用形の名詞化)① まね。※平治（1220頃か）上「御まなびをたがはず申ける也」② まねごと。本式ではなく形ばかりに行なうこと。※浄瑠璃・伽羅先代萩（1785）八「心ばかりの祝儀のまなび、三方土器取持て」③ 訓練。練習。※日葡辞書（1603‐04）「ゼンノ manabiuo(マナビヲ) スル」④ 学問。※古道大意（1813）上「ちょこざいな学びを為て、人に勧める者もあり」