Naba Kassho

Japanese: 那波活所 - なば・かっしょ

Year of death: 1648.1.27
Year of birth: Bunroku 4.3 (1595)
A Confucian scholar from the early Edo period. His first name was Nobuyoshi, and he later changed his name to Kata and Gyo. His pen name was Doen, and he was commonly known as Heihachi. In his later years, he changed his surname to Suke. His ancestors were the Uno clan, a branch of the Akamatsu clan, the guardians of Harima Province (Hyogo Prefecture), and later moved to Nawa Manor in Ako County and took the name Nawa. During the generation of his grandfather Sukee, they worked hard at commerce in Nawaura and amassed great wealth. His father Tokuyoshi also worked in commerce in Himeji. Tokuyoshi's younger brother Sotan was the founder of the wealthy Kyoto merchant Nabaya. He loved learning from an early age, and went to Kyoto at the age of 17. The following year, he studied under Fujiwara Seika, and was praised for presenting a poem by Tokugawa, and at the age of 20, he had an audience with Tokugawa Ieyasu. He was known as one of the four heavenly kings of the Seika school, along with Hayashi Razan, Hori Kyoan, and Matsunaga Shakugo. In 1623, he entered the service of the Higo (Kumamoto) domain to make a living, but resigned seven years later when his ambitions were not fulfilled. In 1634, he entered the service of Tokugawa Yorinobu, the lord of the Kishu domain, and was treated well with a stipend of 500 koku. He was active as a close aide to Yorinobu and provided direct admonition. In his later years, he was invited by the shogunate to edit the Kan'ei Shoka Keizuden, but declined due to eye disease. While he basically inherited Seika's scholarship, which emphasized the "sameness in differences," he gradually drew closer to Wang Yangming and formed his own unique philosophy. His ideological characteristics include an emphasis on raw intent, a positive affirmation of sexual and artistic desires, a limited scope of heaven, and an insistence that human problems be solved by human knowledge, and it is believed that he had a great influence on the formation of Ito Jinsai's philosophy. <Works> "Katsusho Iwara" and "Katsusho Memorandum" <References> Jun Shibata "Modern Times in Intellectual History"; Toshiaki Miura "Ebina Toshitsugu and Naba Yue" ("Aioi City History" Volume 2)

(Jun Shibata)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：慶安1.1.3(1648.1.27)
生年：文禄4.3(1595)
江戸時代前期の儒学者。初名は信吉,のち方,觚と改名。字は道円,通称は平八。晩年,姓を祐と改めた。先祖は,播磨国(兵庫県)守護赤松氏の一族宇野氏,のち赤穂郡那波荘に移って那波氏を名乗る。祖父祐恵の代に,那波浦で商業に励み巨富を築く。父徳由も姫路で商業に従事。徳由の弟宗旦は,京都の豪商那波屋の祖である。幼少から学問を好み,17歳で上洛。翌年藤原惺窩に師事し,杜鵑の詩を呈して賞讃を受け,20歳で徳川家康に拝謁した。林羅山,堀杏庵,松永尺五と惺窩門四天王と称された。元和9(1623)年,生計のため肥後(熊本)藩に出仕したが,志にかなわず7年後に辞去。寛永11(1634)年,紀州藩主徳川頼宣に仕え,500石の厚遇を受け,頼宣の側近で直諫の人として活躍した。晩年,『寛永諸家系図伝』編集のため幕府に招聘されたが,眼疾を理由に辞退。「異中の同」を重視する惺窩の学問を基本的に継承しながら,次第に王陽明に接近して独自の思想を形成した。思想的特色は,生意を重視して性欲や芸術欲を積極的に肯定したり,天の領域を限定して人間的諸問題の人知による解決を主張するなどの点があげられ,伊藤仁斎の思想形成に多大な影響を与えたとみられる。<著作>『活所遺藁』『活所備忘録』<参考文献>柴田純『思想史における近世』,三浦俊明「海老名季次と那波祐恵」(『相生市史』2巻)

(柴田純)

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