It is one of the oxidation dyes, but is considered a dyeing method rather than a dye. It was discovered by John Lightfoot (1832-1872) in 1860 (some say it was 1863). It is still widely used today because it is cheap and produces a fast black color. The most important process for cotton is the "aged black" method. The fibers are immersed in a dye bath consisting of aniline, aniline hydrochloride, sodium chlorate, ammonium chloride, aluminum acetate, and copper or vanadium salts, then dried and aged for a short time at 60-70°C. If necessary, a chromate treatment is performed. It is a complex polymer with a heterocyclic azine skeleton. The dye obtained by oxidizing aniline with copper catalyst and chromic acid, followed by dechroming and decoppering with sulfuric acid, is a fast black organic pigment (CI Pigment Black 1), which is widely used in printing inks, paints, plastic colorants, cosmetics, etc. [Tobita Mitsuhiko] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
酸化染料の一つであるが、染料というよりむしろ染色法と考えられる。1860年ライトフットJohn Lightfoot(1832―1872)により発見された(1863年説もある)。安価で堅牢(けんろう)な黒が得られるので、現在も広く利用されている。木綿用プロセスとしてもっとも重要なものは「熟成黒aged black」法である。すなわち、アニリン、塩酸アニリン、塩素酸ナトリウム、塩化アンモニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、銅またはバナジウム塩からなる染浴に繊維を浸したのち、繊維を乾燥させ、60~70℃で短時間熟成させる。必要であればさらにクロム酸処理をする。構造は複素環であるアジン骨格を有する複雑な高分子である。アニリンを銅触媒とクロム酸で酸化したのち、硫酸で脱クロムと脱銅を行って得た色素は、堅牢な黒色有機顔料であるピグメント顔料(C. I. Pigment Black 1)として、印刷インキ、塗料、プラスチック着色剤、化粧品などに広く利用されている。 [飛田満彦] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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