martyr

Japanese: martyr

…In the Buddhist cultural sphere, the idea of bodhisattva practice, which involves taking on the suffering of the masses, was born, but the idea of martyrdom, which involves accepting forced death, did not develop. In Christianity, it was the Catholic Church that considered martyrdom to be an excellent virtue, and in particular, during the time of persecution of Christians, it praised as martyrs those who chose death to defend their faith. In the history of persecution of Christians in Japan, the "26 Martyrs" who were martyred in Nagasaki are well known. …

From 【Saint】

…His penance was said to have been a fierce struggle against solitude and hunger in a desert cave for over 80 years, and after his death, pilgrims from all over the world came to his tomb to admire his virtue. The Catholic Church has a system in which such heroic and virtuous men are officially recognized as saints, given the title of saint along with martyrs, and venerated by establishing holidays. In addition, it is a common Catholic custom to entrust certain occupations, disasters, and even certain places, schools, facilities, and other buildings to saints in order to ask for their protection, based on the virtues and supernatural powers of saints. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "martyr" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…仏教文化圏では，大衆の苦難をわが身に引きうける受苦(菩薩行)の思想が生みだされたが，死の強制を引きうける殉教という考え方は育たなかった。キリスト教のなかでも殉教martyrdomをすぐれた徳行としたのはカトリック教会であり，とくにキリスト教徒迫害の時代に信仰を守るために死を選んだ者を殉教者martyrとしてたたえた。日本のキリシタン迫害史のうえでは長崎で殉教した〈二十六聖人〉がよく知られている。…

【聖人】より

…彼の苦行は，砂漠の洞窟における80有余年にわたる孤独と飢餓との凄絶な闘いとして伝えられ，彼の没後，その墓の前には，世界の各地から徳を慕って訪れる巡礼者があとを絶たなかった。カトリック教会には，こうした英雄的な有徳の士を正式に聖人saintとして公認し，殉教者martyrとともに，聖人の号を与え，祝日を定めて崇敬する制度がある。また，聖人の徳や超自然的な力にあやかり，特定の職業や災難，さらには特定の場所や学校，施設などの建造物を聖人にゆだねて保護を乞う習慣もカトリックでは広く行われている。…

※「martyr」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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